Abstract: In the presence information management method of the present invention, the e-mail address of the user and the terminal address of a terminal are extracted upon receipt of an e-mail transmission request, the e-mail address and terminal address correspondence table is retrieved by using the extracted e-mail address, and the extracted terminal address is registered in the e-mail address and terminal address correspondence table if the retrieved terminal address does not correspond to the extracted terminal address. Thus, the user can automatically update presence information with his/her e-mail transmission request.

Abstract: In the presence information management method of the present invention, the e-mail address of the user and the terminal address of a terminal are extracted upon receipt of an e-mail transmission request, the e-mail address and terminal address correspondence table is retrieved by using the extracted e-mail address, and the extracted terminal address is registered in the e-mail address and terminal address correspondence table if the retrieved terminal address does not correspond to the extracted terminal address. Thus, the user can automatically update presence information with his/her e-mail transmission request.

Abstract: A strip-rolling cemented carbide composite roll comprising an inner layer made of steel or iron, and an outer layer of cemented carbide bonded to an outer surface of the inner layer, wherein a thermal shock coefficient R represented by R=?c(1??)/E? is 400 or more in the outer layer, wherein ?c is a four-point bending strength at room temperature, ? is a Poisson's ratio at room temperature, E is a Young' modulus at room temperature, and ? is an average thermal expansion coefficient between room temperature and 800° C.

Abstract: When some terminal makes a connection request to a first terminal, a control apparatus of an ATM exchange refers to a band management table to check if this first terminal is busy. When the first terminal is busy, the control apparatus executes a call connection process of establishing connection to the first terminal. When the first terminal is not busy, the control apparatus reads a substitute terminal for the first terminal from a registration table and executes a connection process for this substitute terminal.

Abstract: In an ATM switching system, calls are equally distributed. The ATM switching system is arranged by a transmission path storing unit for storing therein a transmission path to which a first terminal is connected; a terminal storing unit for storing therein a plurality of second terminals which constitute a group and the representative of which group is predetermined; a communication time calculating unit for calculating communication time by subtracting a communication start time instant between the first terminal and the second terminals from a communication end time instant between the first terminal and the second terminal; a communication amount calculating unit for calculating a communication amount by multiplying the communication time calculated in the communication time calculating unit by a use bandwidth; and a communication amount accumulating unit for accumulating the communication amount calculated in the communication amount calculating unit with respect to each of the second terminals.