Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate and wirings located on the substrate. A passivation film including a first insulating film containing an impurity is located on the wirings. The first insulating film is formed from silicon oxide film materials containing greater than one percent carbon.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate and wirings located on the substrate. A passivation film including a first insulating film containing an impurity is located on the wirings. The first insulating film is formed from silicon oxide film materials containing greater than one percent carbon.

Abstract: An enclosure is formed on a substrate of a semiconductor device surrounding a bonding pad, such that a groove is formed between the enclosure and the bonding pad. An insulating film is formed over the substrate, including the enclosure and the groove. The groove and the film prevent moisture and contaminants from seeping into the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A vehicle having a man power driving system in which a driving force by man power is applied through a gear change mechanism to rotate a wheel, an a motor driving system in which the wheel is rotated by a driving force of a motor. The man power driving system is equipped with a torque detector for detecting a man power driving force so as to drive the motor according to a magnitude of the man power driving force detected by the turque detector. A particularly durable gear change mechanism is not required, and thus a common gear change mechanism for bicycle can be used, thereby simplifying construction.

Abstract: There are disclosed a structure and a manufacturing method of a MOS-type thin-film field effect transistor composed of a substrate having an insulating main surface, a gate electrode formed on the insulating main surface to have an upper surface and a side surface at its edge, an insulating film covering at least the upper and side surfaces of the gate electrode, a semiconductor film having three continuous first, second and third portions, the first portion positioned above the upper surface of the gate electrode, the second portion being formed in contact with the insulator film at the side surface of the gate electrode and the third portion positioned above the substrate without interposing the gate electrode, a side-wall insulator formed on a part of the third portion of the semiconductor film and having a side surface contacting the second portion of the semiconductor film, and source and drain regions formed by introducing impurity atoms into the first portion and another part of the third portion of th

Abstract: There are disclosed a structure and a manufacturing method of a MOS-type thin-film field effect transistor composed of a substrate having an insulating main surface, a gate electrode formed on the insulating main surface to have an upper surface and a side surface at its edge, an insulating film covering at least the upper and side surfaces of the gate electrode, a semiconductor film having three continuous first, second and third portions, the first portion positioned above the upper surface of the gate electrode, the second portion being formed in contact with the insulator film at the side surface of the gate electrode and the third portion positioned above the substrate without interposing the gate electrode, a side-wall insulator formed on a part of the third portion of the semiconductor film and having a side surface contacting the second portion of the semiconductor film, and source and drain regions formed by introducing impurity atoms into the first portion and another part of the third portion of th