Abstract: According to one embodiment, a substrate processing method is disclosed. The method can include treating a substrate with a first liquid. The substrate has a structural body formed on a major surface of the substrate. The method can include forming a support member supporting the structural body by bringing a second liquid into contact with the substrate wetted by the first liquid, and changing at least a portion of the second liquid into a solid by carrying out at least one of causing the second liquid to react, reducing a quantity of a solvent included in the second liquid, and causing at least a portion of a substance dissolved in the second liquid to be separated. The method can include removing the support member by changing at least a part of the support member from a solid phase to a gaseous phase, without passing through a liquid phase.

Abstract: A phenol resin-impregnated sheet formed by impregnating a porous resin sheet with a phenol resin having a degree of cure of from 70% to 95% is arranged on and lamininated to the surface of a carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin sheet. The thickness of the phenol resin impregnated sheet is between 0.01 mm and 1.0 mm. A very even, strong and water-proof wood reinforcing material is obtained. The wood reinforcing material is intergrated and cured on the surface of the wood material by the phenol resin-impregnated sheet to reinforce wood material (single board or bonded board) to form a reinforced wood material. The wood reinforcing material adheres suitably with the wood material and does not cause environmental contamination.

Abstract: The first group of the present invention is a wood reinforcing carbon fiber prepreg, which is produced through impregnation with a mixture resin at a viscosity of 3 to 150 poises at 20° C., wherein the mixture resin contains one or more resins selected from resorcinol based resins and resol type phenol based resins, formaldehydes as curing agents and inorganic acids or organic acids as curing catalysts. The first group of the present invention is a wood reinforcing carbon fiber prepreg having a longer usable time and being capable of imparting the rigidity and elastic modulus of carbon a fiber to the wood to be reinforced at a high ratio. The second group of the present invention is a wood reinforcing carbon fiber prepreg attached wood based sheet, wherein a wood based sheet of a thickness of 0.01 mm to 0.06 mm is arranged on at least one face of a carbon fiber prepreg sheet produced through impregnation with a mixture resin containing a thermosetting resin and a curing agent or a curing catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to two plasmid vectors and eucaryotic expression vector created therefrom. The present invention further relates to a method of cloning a gene in a eucaryotic cell the expression of which is affected by drug treatment, a method of constructing a subtracted cDNA library and a method of identifying a eucaryotic gene the product of which inhibits cell growth.

Abstract: A method for producing graphite fiber comprising graphitizing carbon fiber having a strength of 500 kgf/mm.sup.2 or more and a modulus of elasticity of from 27,000 to 33,000 kgf/mm.sup.2, and having at least on the surface of the fibers, from 0.2 to 2% by weight of an epoxy resin as a sizing agent, from 0.005 to 0.10% by weight of silicon and 0.005 to 0.02% by weight of phosphorus based on the weight of carbon fiber having said epoxy resin, silicon and phosphorus.

Abstract: A process for electrolytically treating the surface of a carbon fiber without using a surface treatment bath, comprising forming a flow of an electrolyte solution in the form of a liquid film or column at at least one anode and at at least one cathode which alternate along the direction of the length of the carbon fiber, and passing carbon fiber strands through the flows of the electrolyte solution to apply electric current to the carbon fiber strands.

Abstract: A carbon fiber-reinforced cementitious composite having high strength, which comprises continuous carbon fibers and a cured cement composition, comprising cement particles having an average particle size up to about the average diameter of the carbon fibers, the cured cement composition being substantially interposed between the individual carbon fibers; and a method for producing it.

Abstract: A method for producing mesophase pitch based carbon fibers which enables to produce high strength high modulus carbon fibers at a relatively low temperature with stabilized production manner. This method comprises carbonizing infusibilized fibers, in an inert atmosphere under no tension state or a tension of 1 mg/denier or less in the first stage to give a specified interlayer spacing and a crystallite thickness and then carbonizing under a tension of 50-300 mg/denier at a temperature of 2600.degree. C. or more in the second stage.

Abstract: A method for producing high strength, high modulus carbon fibers having a modulus of elasticity of 75 tonf/mm.sup.2 or more and a tensile strength of 250 kgf/mm.sup.2 or more is provided. This method comprises graphitizing mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers at a temperature of 2600.degree. C. or more for several seconds or for several minutes while stretching said fibers with a stretching ratio which satisifies specified relations.

Abstract: A carbon fiber cord for rubber reinforcement, comprising (A) a carbon fiber bundle comprising carbon fibers selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers having coated thereon from 0.1 to 1% by weight of at least one epoxy resin composition and carbon fibers having coated thereon from 0.5 to 15% by weight of a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, zinc, and cobalt, and (B) a phenol-formalin-rubber latex type adhesive for rubber impregnated to said carbon fiber bundle in an amount of from 10 to 30% by weight, and said epoxy resin is selected from the group consisting of(1) a composition comprising an epoxy resin and from 5 to 20% by weight of a compound represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein A represents --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.l or --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.

Abstract: A carbon fiber cord for rubber reinforcement comprising a carbon fiber bundle having coated thereon from 5 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the carbon fiber bundle thus treated, of a resin composition comprising a mixture of 100 parts by weight of a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer having a carboxyl group on at least both terminals of the molecule of the copolymer and from 5 to 40 parts by weight of an epoxy resin, or a reaction mixture obtained therefrom, and a curing agent for the epoxy resin, and further coated thereon from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the carbon fiber bundle and the resin composition coated thereon, of a mixture of a phenolformalin-rubber latex type adhesive for rubber. The carbon fiber cord exhibits excellent adhesion to rubber and fatigue resistance.

Abstract: A friction material containing from about 0.5-29 wt % of carbonaceous fibers with a bond nitrogen content of from about 14 to 21 wt %, an auxiliary material and a thermosetting resin. The material has good wear and temperature resistance characteristics and can be used in power transmissions and brakes.

Abstract: An acrylic fiber having applied thereto a polyoxyalkylene aminopolysiloxane compound having a viscosity of from 5 to 500 poises at 25.degree. C. and which is represented by formula (I) as an oiling agent: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 each represents a lower alkyl group or an aryl group,R.sub.7 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or an aryl group,R.sub.8 represents H or --CH.sub.3, or ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.10, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 each represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or an aryl group),R.sub.9 represents an alkylene group having not more than 5 carbon atoms, an arylene group, or a single bond,A represents a group ##STR3## (wherein R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 each represents H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5),B represents a group ##STR4## (wherein R.sub.15 : H or --CH.sub.3, and m and n each represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 10, provided that m+n.gtoreq.

Abstract: In an escalator, at least one of a plurality of staircase steps connected in an endless manner and supported by a body frame is made for a wheel chair loading staircase step. The staircase step comprises an upwardly movable main tread board, a sub-tread board supported by the main tread board, a lifting mechanism for lifting the main tread board, an electric drive unit for driving the lifting mechanism and a widening mechanism for automatically widening the sub-tread board by means of the electric drive unit.

Abstract: A carbonaceous fiber having a carbon content of from 70 to 90%, a high tensile strength and a high modulus of elasticity, which is produced by a method which comprises preoxidizing an acrylic fiber in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of from 10.degree. to 60.degree. C. below the decomposition point of said fiber, to prepare a preoxidized fiber having a degree of orientation of not less than 78% at an angle of X-ray diffraction (2.theta.) of 25.degree. and a specific gravity of from 1.30 to 1.40, pyrolyzing the preoxidized fiber in an inert gas atmosphere by passing the fiber firstly through a lower temperature zone having a temperature of not higher than 750.degree. C. and then through a higher temperature zone having a temperature of from 750.degree. to 950.degree. C., during the pyrolysis controlling the tension of the fiber so that the change of the fiber length during pyrolyzing is from +16% to -8.8% based on the length of the preoxidized fiber.

Abstract: A preoxidized fiber suitable for producing carbon fiber, comprising preoxidizing an acrylic fiber having thereon an ammonium salt of a fatty ester represented by formula [A] and [B] ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 11 to 17 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 can each be hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxyethyl group, or an hydroxyisopropyl group; and X.crclbar. is an anion.The preoxidized fiber produced from the acrylic fiber has very little coalescence, and therefore high-strength carbon fiber can be obtained from this preoxidized fiber.

Abstract: An activated carbon fiber spun yarn having excellent workability and adsorptive property is disclosed. The activated carbon fiber spun yarn comprising activated carbon fibers having a specific surface area of 500 to 1,500 m.sup.2 /g, a ductility of at least 0.5%, and a tensile strength of at least 10 kg/mm.sup.2 and derived from acrylonitrile-based fibers. The spun yarn has a twist coefficient of 30 to 60.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile fibers suitable for production of preoxidized fibers, fibrous active carbon and carbon fibers, which have thereon a water-soluble basic aluminum salt of the formula:Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.l (A).sub.m (B).sub.n (C).sub.p (Cl).sub.q (I)where(1) A, B and C stand for mutually different acid residues;(2) l and q are both an integer or decimal fraction larger than 0;(3) m, n and p are 0 or an integer or decimal fraction and make a total which is not zero;(4) l+mEm+nEn+pEp+q=6 (Em, En and Ep are the valence numbers of A, B and C, respectively); ##EQU1## in an amount of 0.005 to 5.0% by weight of aluminum element based on the fiber having the salt.

Abstract: An aqueous emulsion type sizing agent for carbon fibers is disclosed. The sizing agent contains a compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A represents (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.l or (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.m [l is 18 to 70; n is 18 to 70; and m is 2 to 50 (1.ltoreq.n/m.ltoreq.35)];a compound represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R represents C.sub.q H.sub.2q+1 or ##STR3## (q is 10 to 18; and p is 15 to 70); and an epoxy resin, a process for preparation of the agent, and the method for using it are also disclosed. The sizing agent has excellent emulsion stability and heat stability, and it can impart excellent bundling properties to carbon fibers.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon fibers exhibiting excellent adhesive properties to resins and having high strength and heat-oxidation resistance, comprising electrically treating high strength carbon fiber in an aqueous solution of a sulfuric acid salt under conditions such that the current density is from about 0.05 to 0.5 A/m.sup.2 and the product of current density, voltage, and processing time is from about 0.02 to 8 A-V-min/m.sup.2, while continuously moving the carbon fiber as an anode in the aqueous solution.