Abstract: An object is to provide a PRAM-binding molecule. This object is achieved by a PRAM-binding molecule comprising a heavy-chain variable region containing a heavy-chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, a heavy-chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, and a heavy-chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, and/or a light-chain variable region containing a light-chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, a light-chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, and a light-chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.

Abstract: A member includes a base material and a conductive layer. The conductive layer conducts heat or electricity. The conductive layer includes a conductive portion and a non-conductive portion. The conductive portion conducts heat or electricity. The conductive portion is disposed on at least one of an upper surface or a lower surface of the non-conductive portion and on a side surface of the non-conductive portion.

Abstract: A standard reagent kit for analysis of a dialysis fluid includes (1) a vial A filled with an aqueous solution A including an electrolyte component capable of reacting with carbonate ion to form a precipitate, and (2) a vial B filled with an aqueous solution B including at least either one of bicarbonate ion and carbonate ion. At least the vial B is a water-repellent resin vial, and provides a standard reagent for analysis of a dialysis fluid. Precipitation is prevented for a long period of time, a change of a content of bicarbonate ion is controlled, a complicated procedure is not required for preparation thereof, handling thereof is easy, and checking of a dialysis fluid after preparation thereof can be performed easily and accurately at medical treatment site.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a plasma treatment unit that performs plasma treatment on a surface of a treatment object to acidify at least the surface of the treatment object; and a recording unit that performs inkjet recording on the surface of the plasma treatment subjected to the plasma treatment by the plasma treatment unit.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a plasma treatment unit that performs plasma treatment on a surface of a treatment object to acidify at least the surface of the treatment object; and a recording unit that performs inkjet recording on the surface of the plasma treatment subjected to the plasma treatment by the plasma treatment unit.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a plasma treatment unit that performs plasma treatment on a surface of a treatment object to acidify at least the surface of the treatment object; and a recording unit that performs inkjet recording on the surface of the plasma treatment subjected to the plasma treatment by the plasma treatment unit.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a plasma treatment unit that performs plasma treatment on a surface of a treatment object to acidify at least the surface of the treatment object; and a recording unit that performs inkjet recording on the surface of the plasma treatment subjected to the plasma treatment by the plasma treatment unit.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a plasma treatment unit that performs plasma treatment on a surface of a treatment object to acidify at least the surface of the treatment object; and a recording unit that performs inkjet recording on the surface of the plasma treatment subjected to the plasma treatment by the plasma treatment unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a driving unit that feeds a treatment object; a pretreatment unit that performs pretreatment on a surface of the treatment object fed by the driving unit; a retaining unit that retains the treatment object on which the pretreatment has been performed in the pretreatment unit; an image forming unit that performs image formation on the treatment object after being retained in the retaining unit; and a drive control unit that controls the driving unit so as to return the treatment object from the retaining unit at least to the pretreatment unit if the treatment object has been retained in the retaining unit for a time longer than a predetermined time after being subjected to the pretreatment in the pretreatment unit, and to feed the treatment object on which the pretreatment has been performed again in the pretreatment unit to the retaining unit.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a plasma processing unit that processes a surface of a processing object by using plasma; a recording unit that forms a first-color image on the surface of the processing object by inkjet recording, the surface being plasma-processed by the plasma processing unit, and forms a second-color image to be superimposed on the first-color image by the inkjet recording; and an adjusting unit that adjusts a plasma energy amount that is to be applied to the processing object according to the second-color image.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a plasma treatment unit that performs plasma treatment on a surface of a treatment object to acidify at least the surface of the treatment object; and a recording unit that performs inkjet recording on the surface of the plasma treatment subjected to the plasma treatment by the plasma treatment unit.

Abstract: A modification device includes: a plasma processing unit that performs plasma processing on a processed object such that a surface of the processed object has a predetermined water contact angle; and a cooling unit that cools the surface of the processed object at least from when the plasma processing is performed to when ink is discharged such that a surface temperature of the processed object during discharge of the ink to the processed object is a temperature at which a target water contact angle range is achieved.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a driving unit that feeds a treatment object; a pretreatment unit that performs pretreatment on a surface of the treatment object fed by the driving unit; a retaining unit that retains the treatment object on which the pretreatment has been performed in the pretreatment unit; an image forming unit that performs image formation on the treatment object after being retained in the retaining unit; and a drive control unit that controls the driving unit so as to return the treatment object from the retaining unit at least to the pretreatment unit if the treatment object has been retained in the retaining unit for a time longer than a predetermined time after being subjected to the pretreatment in the pretreatment unit, and to feed the treatment object on which the pretreatment has been performed again in the pretreatment unit to the retaining unit.

Abstract: A modification device includes: a plasma processing unit that performs plasma processing on a processed object such that a surface of the processed object has a predetermined water contact angle; and a cooling unit that cools the surface of the processed object at least from when the plasma processing is performed to when ink is discharged such that a surface temperature of the processed object during discharge of the ink to the processed object is a temperature at which a target water contact angle range is achieved.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a driving unit that feeds a treatment object; a pretreatment unit that performs pretreatment on a surface of the treatment object fed by the driving unit; a retaining unit that retains the treatment object on which the pretreatment has been performed in the pretreatment unit; an image forming unit that performs image formation on the treatment object after being retained in the retaining unit; and a drive control unit that controls the driving unit so as to return the treatment object from the retaining unit at least to the pretreatment unit if the treatment object has been retained in the retaining unit for a time longer than a predetermined time after being subjected to the pretreatment in the pretreatment unit, and to feed the treatment object on which the pretreatment has been performed again in the pretreatment unit to the retaining unit.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a plasma treatment unit that performs plasma treatment on a surface of a treatment object to acidify at least the surface of the treatment object; and a recording unit that performs inkjet recording on the surface of the plasma treatment subjected to the plasma treatment by the plasma treatment unit.

Abstract: A pH detecting device includes a supplying unit to supply a pH indicator, with an inkjet head, to a surface of a material to be processed on which acidification is performed; a color information detector to detect color information of the pH indicator supplied to the surface of the material; and a pH specifying unit to specify a pH value of the surface of the material based on the color information.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a plasma processing unit that processes a surface of a processing object by using plasma; a recording unit that forms a first-color image on the surface of the processing object by inkjet recording, the surface being plasma-processed by the plasma processing unit, and forms a second-color image to be superimposed on the first-color image by the inkjet recording; and an adjusting unit that adjusts a plasma energy amount that is to be applied to the processing object according to the second-color image.

Abstract: A pH detecting device includes a supplying unit to supply a pH indicator, with an inkjet head, to a surface of a material to be processed on which acidification is performed; a color information detector to detect color information of the pH indicator supplied to the surface of the material; and a pH specifying unit to specify a pH value of the surface of the material based on the color information.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a driving unit that feeds a treatment object; a pretreatment unit that performs pretreatment on a surface of the treatment object fed by the driving unit; a retaining unit that retains the treatment object on which the pretreatment has been performed in the pretreatment unit; an image forming unit that performs image formation on the treatment object after being retained in the retaining unit; and a drive control unit that controls the driving unit so as to return the treatment object from the retaining unit at least to the pretreatment unit if the treatment object has been retained in the retaining unit for a time longer than a predetermined time after being subjected to the pretreatment in the pretreatment unit, and to feed the treatment object on which the pretreatment has been performed again in the pretreatment unit to the retaining unit.