Abstract: Provided are a napped artificial leather which can restrain spontaneous elongation during the production process, enables the constant load elongation transverse/machine ratio to be set to an appropriate value even without a scrim or a liner, and is excellent in pilling resistance and appearance, and a method of producing the napped artificial leather. The napped artificial leather includes a nonwoven fabric which is an entangled body of microfine fibers, and a high-molecular elastic body attached to the nonwoven fabric, has a napped surface formed by napping the microfine fiber on at least one surface, and satisfies the following conditions (1) and (2):(1) the nonwoven fabric is composed of microfine polyester filaments and (2) the fiber density D1 in the transverse direction is from 150 to 450 fibers/mm2, the fiber density D2 in the machine direction is from 150 to 450 fibers/mm2, and D1/D2 is from 0.7 to 1.1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a napped artificial leather including: a non-woven fabric containing polyester fibers having an average fineness of 0.07 to 0.9 dtex; and an elastic polymer applied in the non-woven fabric, wherein the polyester fibers contain 0.5 to 10 mass % of a dark color pigment, the napped artificial leather has a napped surface on which the polyester fibers on at least one side thereof are napped, and the napped surface has a lightness L* value based on the L*a*b* color system, of ?20, and the napped artificial leather has a peel strength of 3 kg/cm or more, and a grade of color difference, determined using a Grey scale for assessing staining in an evaluation of color migration to a multifiber adjacent fabric (co-woven fabric No. 1; the same applied to the following) during pressurization under heating in a wet state under a load of 4 kPa at 200° C. for 60 seconds, of 4 or more.

Abstract: A napped artificial leather includes: a fiber-entangled body obtained by entangling ultrafine fibers: and an elastic polymer impregnated into the fiber-entangled body. The napped artificial leather has, on at least one side thereof, a napped surface formed by napping the ultrafine fibers. The ultrafine fibers contain 0.2 to 8 mass% of carbon black and 0.1 to 5 mass% of a chromatic pigment, and a total ratio of the carbon black and the chromatic pigment is 0.3 to 10 mass%. A content ratio of the elastic polymer is 0.1 to 15 mass% in the napped artificial leather. The elastic polymer is uncolored and the ultrafine fibers are undyed.

Abstract: A napped artificial leather includes: a non-woven fabric that is art entangled body of ultrafine fibers, and an elastic polymer applied into the non-woven fabric; where the napped artificial leather has, on at least one side thereof, a napped surface formed by napping the ultrafine fibers. Each of the ultrafine fibers is art ultrafine fiber having a fineness of 0.5 dtex or less, and a tensile strength of 6 to 9 mN. A plurality of the ultrafine fibers form a fiber bundle, and the ultrafine fibers that form the fiber bundle are not constrained by the elastic polymer in a region of the napped artificial leather other than a surface layer portion. A content ratio of the elastic polymer is 16 to 40 mass %, and the napped artificial leather has an apparent density of 0.38 g/cm3 or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is a leather-like sheet having a lightness L* of 35 or less, and including a fiber structure including fiber dyed with a dye composition including C.I. Basic Blue 3 and at least one blue cationic dye other than C.I. Basic Blue 3, and an elastic polymer contained in internal voids of the fiber structure, or the fiber structure. Also disclosed is a leather-like sheet having a lightness L* of 35 or less, and including a fiber structure including fiber dyed with an azo-based blue cationic dye, and an elastic polymer contained in internal voids of the fiber structure, wherein the leather-like sheet or the fiber structure has a color difference (?E), determined when treated for 48 hours under moist and hot conditions of 80° C. and a moisture of 90%, of ?E?2. or the fiber structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a colored napped artificial leather including: a fiber-entangled body including ultrafine fibers having an average single fiber fineness of 0.5 dtex or less; and an elastic polymer impregnated into the fiber-entangled body, the napped artificial leather having, at least on one side thereof, a napped surface formed by napping the ultrafine fibers, wherein the napped artificial leather further includes particles of a fatty acid amide-based compound that are at least attached to surfaces of the ultrafine fibers and that have an average particle size of 0.1 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a napped artificial leather including: a non-woven fabric containing polyester fibers having an average fineness of 0.07 to 0.9 dtex; and an elastic polymer applied in the non-woven fabric, wherein the polyester fibers contain 0.5 to 10 mass % of a dark color pigment, the napped artificial leather has a napped surface on which the polyester fibers on at least one side thereof are napped, and the napped surface has a lightness L* value based on the L*a*b* color system, of ?20, and the napped artificial leather has a peel strength of 3 kg/cm or more, and a grade of color difference, determined using a Grey scale for assessing staining in an evaluation of color migration to a multifiber adjacent fabric (co-woven fabric No. 1; the same applied to the following) during pressurization under heating in a wet state under a load of 4 kPa at 200° C. for 60 seconds, of 4 or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is a napped artificial leather including: a non-woven fabric obtained by entangling fibers; and an elastic polymer, wherein a 100% modulus (A) of the elastic polymer and a content (B) of the elastic polymer satisfy the relational expression: B??1.8A+40, A>0, and the non-woven fabric has an abrasion loss (C) of 45 mg or less, in accordance with JIS L 1096 (6.17.5E method, Martindale method) under a pressing load of 12 kPa (gf/cm2) after 20000 abrasion cycles.

Abstract: A material shape simulation apparatus for simulating deformation of a three-dimensional woven fiber material is provided and includes: an orientation vector field generation unit generating a model shape orientation vector field on three-dimensional meshes of a model shape of a three-dimensional woven fiber material obtained by stacking sheets of two-dimensional woven fabric made of X-yarn and Y-yarn and binding them with Z-yarn; a parameterization unit that searches for a gradient vector for calculating a material shape orientation vector field, being an orientation vector field of a material shape before deformation of the model shape, from the model shape orientation vector field; and an orientation vector updating unit that updates the model shape orientation vector field by applying a condition of preserving a volume between the model shape orientation vector field and the material shape orientation vector field and a condition that neither the X-yarn nor the Y-yarn expands or contracts.

Abstract: A design support apparatus supporting designing of a product which uses a fiber material includes a processor that creates a predicted shape model by predicting a shape of the product before a deformation processing. The processor: creates a 3-dimensional shape model of the product; creates curved shape models by separating the 3-dimensional shape model into two or more fiber layers; sets a correspondence relationship between the curved shape models; creates an orientation vector field in the curved shape models; and predicts the shape of the product before the deformation processing by developing the curved shape models on a flat surface based on the correspondence relationship between the curved shape models and the orientation vector field in the curved shape models, and creates the predicted shape model based on the predicted shape.

Abstract: A leather-like sheet including: a fiber structure including fibers dyed with a dye containing a blue cationic dye having an azo bond; and an elastic polymer applied into internal voids of the fiber structure, wherein the leather-like sheet further includes a polyhydric phenol derivative having anionic properties, or the fiber structure is disclosed. Also disclosed is a fiber structure including fibers dyed with a dye containing a blue cationic dye having an azo bond, or a leather-like sheet including the fiber structure and an elastic polymer applied into internal voids of the fiber structure, wherein the leather-like sheet has a color difference (?E) before and after a moist heat treatment, determined when subjected to the moist heat treatment at 80° C. and a humidity of 90% for 48 hours, of ?E?2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a leather-like sheet having a lightness L* of 35 or less, and including a fiber structure including fiber dyed with a dye composition including C.I. Basic Blue 3 and at least one blue cationic dye other than C.I. Basic Blue 3, and an elastic polymer contained in internal voids of the fiber structure, or the fiber structure. Also disclosed is a leather-like sheet having a lightness L* of 35 or less, and including a fiber structure including fiber dyed with an azo-based blue cationic dye, and an elastic polymer contained in internal voids of the fiber structure, wherein the leather-like sheet or the fiber structure has a color difference (?E), determined when treated for 48 hours under moist and hot conditions of 80° C. and a moisture of 90%, of ?E?2.

Abstract: A material shape simulation apparatus for accurately simulating deformation of a three-dimensional woven fiber material is provided.

Abstract: A pair of electrodes is connected to a test specimen in order to apply an electric current to the test specimen in the direction of a conductive fiber of each conductive fiber woven fabric of a plurality of prepregs as targets for verification of the presence or absence of waviness, among a plurality of prepregs constituting the test specimen composed of a conductive composite material, and then a magnetic field sensor is relatively scanned over the test specimen, while applying an electric current between the pair of electrodes, to determine a portion of the test specimen where a magnetic field variation is detected by the scanning of the magnetic field sensor as a portion where waviness of the conductive fibers of the conductive fiber woven fabric of the plurality of prepregs as targets for verification of the presence or absence of waviness is present. Thus, it is possible to grasp, for example, the condition of fibers of the conductive composite material in the test specimen as a whole.

Abstract: An image analysis apparatus, which analyzes orientations of fiber bundles of X-yarns and Y-yarns from a three-dimensional image of a woven fabric made of fiber bundles of the X-yarns, the Y-yarns, and Z-yarns, includes: a binarization unit that binarizes the three-dimensional image; an overlapping area extraction unit that extracts an overlapping area from the binarized image; a reference direction determination unit that averages an overlapping direction of each voxel included in the overlapping area and determines the averaged direction as a reference direction; a Z-yarn removal unit that removes the Z-yarns from the binarized image by applying a directional distance method on a reference plane perpendicular to the reference direction; and a fiber bundle orientation estimation unit that applies the directional distance method on the reference plane and estimates the orientations of the fiber bundles of the X-yarns and the Y-yarns based on a calculated directional distance.

Abstract: Proposed are an image analyzing apparatus and program in which the orientation of fiber bundles can be easily analyzed from a three-dimensional image of CMC.

Abstract: An image analyzing apparatus, a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program, and a method are provided for extracting voids from a three-dimensional image of a fiber-reinforced composite material. The image analyzing apparatus includes a processor which executes image processing to the three-dimensional image. The processor binarizes the three-dimensional image and creates a binary image, transforms the binary image into a distance and creates a distance image, executes closing processing to the binary image by using the distance image, extracts voids from differences between images before and after the closing processing, among the extracted voids, classifies voids that are adjacent to a background voxel as open voids, and classifies voids that are not adjacent to a background voxel as closed voids, and executes opening processing to the open voids in order to eliminate fake voids.

Abstract: A design support apparatus supporting designing of a product which uses a fiber material includes a processor that creates a predicted shape model by predicting a shape of the product before a deformation processing. The processor: creates a 3-dimensional shape model of the product; creates curved shape models by separating the 3-dimensional shape model into two or more fiber layers; sets a correspondence relationship between the curved shape models; creates an orientation vector field in the curved shape models; and predicts the shape of the product before the deformation processing by developing the curved shape models on a flat surface based on the correspondence relationship between the curved shape models and the orientation vector field in the curved shape models, and creates the predicted shape model based on the predicted shape.

Abstract: An image analysis apparatus, which analyzes orientations of fiber bundles of X-yarns and Y-yarns from a three-dimensional image of a woven fabric made of fiber bundles of the X-yarns, the Y-yarns, and Z-yarns, includes: a binarization unit that binarizes the three-dimensional image; an overlapping area extraction unit that extracts an overlapping area from the binarized image; a reference direction determination unit that averages an overlapping direction of each voxel included in the overlapping area and determines the averaged direction as a reference direction; a Z-yarn removal unit that removes the Z-yarns from the binarized image by applying a directional distance method on a reference plane perpendicular to the reference direction; and a fiber bundle orientation estimation unit that applies the directional distance method on the reference plane and estimates the orientations of the fiber bundles of the X-yarns and the Y-yarns based on a calculated directional distance.

Abstract: Proposed are an image analyzing apparatus and program in which the orientation of fiber bundles can be easily analyzed from a three-dimensional image of CMC.