Abstract: A projection optical system for projecting a pattern of a mask onto a wafer, includes at least one aspherical surface lens having an aspherical surface on one side and a flat surface on the other side, the spherical surface satisfying a relation |&Dgr;ASPH/L|>1×10−6 where &Dgr;ASPH is the aspherical amount of the aspherical surface and L is an object-to-image distance of the projection optical system.

Abstract: A power supply circuit according to the present invention is a power supply circuit formed on a semiconductor chip, including: an output transistor section outputting a power supply voltage; and a control circuit for controlling the output transistor section. The output transistor section is arranged in the vicinity of an external input/output terminal of the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: The communication terminal apparatus according to the present invention comprises a determination section for checking whether or not a dial key is pressed. If a dial key is pressed, the determination section checks whether the “dial key/browser dual-function” flag in the setting table is ON or OFF. If it is ON, the determination section checks whether the “focus HTML input field” flag is ON or OFF. If it is ON, the determination section determines that the input data of the dial key be subjected to browser input processing. On the other hand, if the “dial key/browser input dual-function” flag is OFF, this determination section determines that the dial key be used for dial input processing.

Abstract: Since it is possible to optionally adjust the used region of a negative electrode, it is possible to obtain a cell having an excellent balance of durability and discharge characteristic, and it is possible to reduce the resistance of a positive electrode. If only the positive electrode is charged before assembling the cell, it is possible to optionally adjust the used region of the negative electrode, so that it is possible to obtain the cell having the excellent balance of durability and discharge characteristic. Also after a large number of charge and discharge cycles are repeated, it is possible to suppress the internal pressure rise of the cell at the last stage of charge. In addition, it is possible to form a good cobalt conductive network on the active material of the positive electrode, and it is possible to reduce the resistance of the positive electrode.

Abstract: The number of revolutions of a disk is once increased to a higher level than a resonance frequency of a rotation support system at the startup of rotation of the disk, and subsequently servo control for a pickup actuator is made to work to read information from the disk. It is possible to increase reproducibility of the disk unbalance correction and improve the apparatus in reliability without generation of vibrations and noises, and to spin the disk at high speed.

Abstract: An optical resin prepared by curing a polymerizable composition comprising a (thio)epoxy compound having at least one intramolecular disulfide bond exhibits a considerably high refractive index while maintaining good optical properties and a high Abbe number. In addition, the above polymerizable composition to which is added primary and/or secondary amines as an yellowing inhibitor in a proportion of 0.001 to 0.5 of the total molar number of NH2 and NH groups in the amines to the total molar number of thioepoxy and epoxy groups in the (thio)epoxy compound having at least one intramolecular disulfide bond, can provide a transparent resin in which yellowing and reduction in heat resistance associated therewith are adequately prevented while maintaining a high refractive index.

Abstract: A component attaching device for attaching a component to an attaching member is formed of a first attaching section to be attached to the attaching member, and a second attaching section connected to the first attaching section to be attached to the component. A releasing section is formed near the first or second attaching section for releasing an attached condition of the attaching member with the first attaching section or an attached condition of the component with the second attaching section. The attached conditions is released when a force of relatively moving the attaching member and the component exceeds a predetermined value. Also, a holding section is formed near the releasing section such that the attaching member and the component are relatively moved.

Abstract: A modulated electrical signal Smod produced upon amplitude-modulating a subcarrier having a high frequency (for example, a millimeter-wave band) by a baseband signal SBB to be transmitted and a main carrier MC outputted from a light source are inputted to an external optical modulating portion in an optical transmitter. The external optical modulating portion amplitude-modulates the main carrier MC by the modulated electrical signal Smod, to output a double-modulated optical signal OSdmod to an optical filter portion. The optical filter portion passes only a component of one of sidebands included in the double-modulated optical signal OSdmod, and outputs the component to an optical fiber as an optical signal OS. An optical/electrical converting portion in an optical receiver optical/electrical-converts the optical signal OS transmitted through the optical fiber, to directly obtain a baseband signal SBB.

Abstract: An input buffer having a differential amplifier 3 includes a protection circuit 4 located between an input terminal 1 and the differential amplifier. The protection circuit serves to protect a MOS transistor 5 constituting the differential amplifier when a high voltage is applied to the input terminal of the input buffer. The protection circuit is an N-channel type MOS transistor with a drain electrode connected to the input terminal, a source electrode connected to a gate terminal of the MOS transistor 5 constituting the differential amplifier 3 and a gate terminal supplied with a power source voltage Vcc. In this configuration, the input buffer prevents occurrence of an unnecessary through current.

Abstract: A polynucleotide detecting cell provided with a first electrode (111) to which different DNA probes (13, 14, 15, 16) are fixed in luminous areas (3, 4, 5, 6) differing with the type of DNA probe and a second electrode (113-1, 113-2) opposite to the first electrode is used; target polynucleotides are trapped through hybridization of DNA probes fixed to luminous areas with target polynucleotides; an extending reaction is carried out using an ECL-labeled base (dNTP) to extend the hybridized DNA probes; ECL generated by the application of a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode is detected; and the presence or absence of any extended chain generated by the extending reaction is detected. The DNA detecting cell of simple apparatus configuration and the assay apparatus using it according to the invention are capable of high speed detection of hybridization between target DNA fragments and DNA probes, and a large volume of probe assaying can be accomplished in a short period of time.

Abstract: A seal assembly has simple assembly structures, and provides secure sealing effects. A crawler-track connection structure allows the seal assembly to be easily mounted, and securely prevents overflow of a lubricant and the like to the outside. A pair of seal rings (1) and (1) individually having lip portions (23) and (23) are disposed such that each of the lip portions (23) and (23) protrudes in a direction opposing an axial direction, and a load seal ring (2) is compressed and inserted between the pair of seal rings (1) and (1). The load seal ring (2) exerts reaction forces on the pair of lip portions (23) and (23) outwardly in the axial direction.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium has at least a non-magnetic under-layer, a magnetic layer, a protective layer and a liquid lubricant layer sequentially laminated on a non-magnetic substrate. The magnetic layer includes ferromagnetic grains and non-magnetic grain boundaries formed of metallic oxide or carbide surrounding the ferromagnetic grains. A non-magnetic intermediate layer, having grains of non-magnetic substance and non-magnetic grain boundaries, formed of metallic oxide or carbide, surrounding the grains of non-magnetic substance, is provided between the non-magnetic under-layer and the magnetic layer. The resulting magnetic recording medium exhibits a high coercive force, Hc, and low noise. Furthermore, the resulting magnetic recording medium prevents the deterioration of the media characteristics in an initial growth region in the granular magnetic layer.

Abstract: A pellicle comprising a pellicle film, a pellicle frame supporting the pellicle film, and an adhesive resin layer provided on the surface of the pellicle frame on the side opposite to the surface supporting the pellicle film, wherein the adhesive resin layer is formed of a combination of a hard resin layer and a soft resin layer. The pellicle can be mounted on the mask and can be removed from the mask without giving damage to the mask, and does not spoil the flatness of the mask irrespective of when the mask surface is maintained in either the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.

Abstract: In order to enable communication in which information is exchanged with friends and acquaintances, and a plurality of messages can be listed as on a bulletin board without being aware of electronic mail functions, an electronic mail transmission/reception system comprises a communication mean to transmit and receive electronic mail; a display mean to display transmitted and received electronic mail on a display screen; a message input mean to input messages to the display screen; a message storage mean to store input messages; and a control mean to cause the above display means to display input messages in a message-board format. The control mean divides the above display screen into a plurality of message display regions, and associates each message with a message display region for display.

Abstract: The present invention relates a GPS receiving apparatus having improved measurement precision as the result of selectively fetching only some of the signals transmitted by a number of satellites. The GPS receiving apparatus includes an antenna for receiving the electric waves from the satellites, an elevation-angle-computing unit for finding an elevation angle of each satellite on the basis of the electric wave received from the satellite, and a comparison unit for comparing the elevation angle with a predetermined reference elevation angle. Only electric waves transmitted by those satellites having an elevation angle greater than a predetermined reference elevation angle are selectively used for computing a position.

Abstract: A pressure receiving surface (8) having a diameter gradually decreasing in an axially inward direction is formed at an outer end portion of a pin (1), whereas a pressing portion (7) is formed at a circumferential edge of an opening of a pin insertion hole (5) of a link (2). A retaining ring (3) is formed with a friction surface (9) to be press-contacted to the pressure receiving surface (8) when a force is applied from the pressing portion (7) upon development of a relative movement in a disengaging direction. The retaining ring (3) and the pressure receiving surface (8) share a greater area of contact than in the prior art, providing sufficient friction. This makes possible to provide a fastening structure of the link and the pin of a crawler belt which can be assembled by simple operation at a low cost, without requiring a high machining accuracy, and thus can be manufactured at a low cost.

Abstract: A hydrogenated polymer is prepared by a method comprising:

Abstract: JP920000407US128 A printer includes a printing head for performing printing while moving over a printing medium, a gap roller capable of rolling along a direction of moving of said printing head, and a platen bar placed so as to face said printing head and said gap roller. The printer further includes a controller for controlling a pressing force of said platen bar applied to said gap roller according to a printing end position of said printing head on the printing medium.

Abstract: A system having a monitoring function in addition to a control function is able to suppress an increase in the amount of data communication and the communication frequency via a common communication line, and is flexibly adaptable for addition of a new function without causing mutual interference between control data and monitor data.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image processing apparatus, an image processing method, and an image forming apparatus utilizing the image processing apparatus that can decrease deterioration of image quality even when misjudgment occurs in judging a type of an image, such as a halftone-dot area and an edge area of a character, when performing predetermined image processing on the image. When an area judgment unit 440 judges that a target pixel is in an edge area of a character that is present on a halftone-dot area (when any one of signals S17 to S20 is “high”), an operation of image processing to be performed on the target pixel is switched in accordance with whether the target pixel is a color pixel or not and whether the halftone-dot area is a color area or not.