Abstract: A device for measurement of the spectral reflectance of a surface where the reflectance factor of light with a certain wavelength can be measured in a wide wavelength range, including the UV range, and in which a reference reflectance factor can be easily obtained. The device for measurement has a light source part with a xenon lamp; a fiber on the incidence side; a measurement head which emits the light transmitted by the fiber via a convergent lens and a diffuser onto the surface of the measuring object and which receives the light reflected by the surface; a fiber on the exit side; and a spectroradiometer which receives the light which has been transmitted by the fiber on the exit side.

Abstract: In the ignition apparatus for internal combustion engine according to the invention, during a period when spark discharge voltage is detected by a waveform detecting unit 20 and an ignition coil 12 supplies the spark discharge voltage by use of ignition detection 22, ignition in each of cylinders is detected in accordance with discharged voltage by the waveform detecting unit 20. When the ignition detection 22 detects the ignition by use of, for example, an ignition control unit 24, during a discharging period of supplying the spark discharge voltage having detected the ignition, the supply of the spark discharge voltage is stopped. Thereby, since the supply of the spark discharge voltage is stopped after having detected the ignition, it is possible to avoid the surplus supply of spark energy to the spark plug 10 after having fired.

Abstract: A device for measurement of the spectral reflectance of a surface where the reflectance factor of light with a certain wavelength can be measured in a wide wavelength range, including the UV range, and in which a reference reflectance factor can be easily obtained. The device for measurement has a light source part with a xenon lamp; a fiber on the incidence side; a measurement head which emits the light transmitted by the fiber via a convergent lens and a diffuser onto the surface of the measuring object and which receives the light reflected by the surface; a fiber on the exit side; and a spectroradiometer which receives the light which has been transmitted by the fiber on the exit side.

Abstract: In the ignition apparatus for internal combustion engine according to the invention, during a period when spark discharge voltage is detected by a waveform detecting unit 20 and an ignition coil 12 supplies the spark discharge voltage by use of ignition detection 22, ignition in each of cylinders is detected in accordance with discharged voltage by the waveform detecting unit 20. When the ignition detection 22 detects the ignition by use of, for example, an ignition control unit 24, during a discharging period of supplying the spark discharge voltage having detected the ignition, the supply of the spark discharge voltage is stopped. Thereby, since the supply of the spark discharge voltage is stopped after having detected the ignition, it is possible to avoid the surplus supply of spark energy to the spark plug 10 after having fired.

Abstract: An ignition secondary sensor is provided which is disposed in a high voltage path between an ignition coil and a spark plug for use with a detecting circuit for detecting ignition current and ion current flowing through a spark plug. The sensor comprises an ignition path connected in series with the high voltage path and having a pair of reverse current preventing diodes and a detection path connected to a spark plug side end portion of the ignition path and having a pair of current detecting diodes. A path portion of the detection path on the side of the current detecting diodes opposite to the ignition path and a path portion of the ignition path connecting between the reverse current preventing diodes are capacitively coupled. The detecting circuit is connected to the sensor for detecting the ignition current (ignition timing) on the basis of current flowing into the sensor therefrom and the ion current (combustion timing) on the basis of current flowing from the sensor thereinto.