Abstract: A composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention includes a porous body composed of an inorganic substance and an electrolyte material. The porous body includes therein plural spherical pores in which a diameter is substantially equal, and communicating ports each allowing the spherical pores adjacent to each other to communicate with each other. The electrolyte material is provided on the spherical pores and the communicating ports, has proton conductivity, and is composed of a hydrocarbon polymer. The proton-conductive composite electrolyte membrane has excellent ion conductivity, high heat resistance, and restricted swelling when being hydrous, and is capable of being produced at low cost.

Abstract: A composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention includes a porous body composed of an inorganic substance and an electrolyte material. The porous body includes therein plural spherical pores in which a diameter is substantially equal, and communicating ports each allowing the spherical pores adjacent to each other to communicate with each other. The electrolyte material is provided on the spherical pores and the communicating ports, has proton conductivity, and is composed of a hydrocarbon polymer. The proton-conductive composite electrolyte membrane has excellent ion conductivity, high heat resistance, and restricted swelling when being hydrous, and is capable of being produced at low cost.

Abstract: A composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention includes a porous body composed of an inorganic substance and an electrolyte material. The porous body includes therein plural spherical pores in which a diameter is substantially equal, and communicating ports each allowing the spherical pores adjacent to each other to communicate with each other. The electrolyte material is provided on the spherical pores and the communicating ports, has proton conductivity, and is composed of a hydrocarbon polymer. The proton-conductive composite electrolyte membrane has excellent ion conductivity, high heat resistance, and restricted swelling when being hydrous, and is capable of being produced at low cost.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying system for an automotive internal combustion engine includes a NOx treating catalyst for reducing NOx disposed in an exhaust gas passageway of a combustion device, to reduce NOx in presence of reducing components in exhaust gas. Additionally, a hydrogen enriching device is disposed upstream of said NOx treating catalyst with respect to flow of exhaust gas from the combustion device and arranged to increase a ratio of hydrogen to total reducing components in at least one of combustion gas and exhaust gas so as to meet relations represented by following formulae (1) and (2), when reduction of NOx is carried out by the NOx treating catalyst: [H2/TR]d>[H2/TR]u  (1) [H2/TR]d≧0.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle. The exhaust gas purifying system comprises an exhaust gas composition regulating device for producing a low HC concentration reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas atmosphere where air-fuel ratio is leaner than a stoichiometric value. The exhaust gas composition regulating device is disposed in an exhaust gas passageway of the engine. The low HC concentration reducing agent is low in concentration of hydrocarbons to have an exhaust gas composition having a volume ratio of NOx/HC not less than 50 in the exhaust gas passageway immediately downstream of the exhaust gas composition regulating device. Additionally, a NOx treating catalyst is disposed in the exhaust gas passageway and located downstream of the exhaust gas composition regulating device. The NOx treating catalyst is arranged to reduce NOx in the presence of the low HC concentration reducing agent supplied from the exhaust gas composition regulating device.

Abstract: An HC adsorbent which adsorbs hydrocarbons in a predetermined low temperature region and discharges hydrocarbons in a temperature region higher than the lower temperature region is provided in an engine exhaust passage. A catalyst which oxidizes hydrocarbons in a predetermined high temperature region is provided downstream of the HC adsorbent. A heater for heating exhaust is provided upstream of the HC adsorbent. A control unit activates the heater when the exhaust temperature has risen to near the upper limit of the lower temperature region. Activation of the catalyst is thereby promoted, and the time until the catalyst starts oxidizing hydrocarbons discharged by the HC adsorbent is shortened.

Abstract: A catalyst for the purification of exhaust gas comprises a first coat layer of a palladium-carried activated alumina containing Ce, Zr and La formed on a honeycomb carrier, a second coat layer of an activated alumina containing Ce, Zr and La formed on the first coat layer, and a third coat layer of copper ion-exchanged zeolite powder formed on the second coat layer and efficiently purifies NOx, HC and CO in the exhaust gas under conditions from theoretical air-fuel ratio to excessive oxygen atmosphere.

Abstract: A catalyst for the purification of exhaust gas comprises a first coating layer of activated alumina containing at least one of Pt, Pd and Rh, a second coating layer of activated alumina containing no noble metal and a third coating layer of zeolite ion-exchanged with Cu or Co and develops excellent purification performance in lean-burn atmosphere after engine aging treatment.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon adsorbing body for use in the purification of exhaust gas comprises a monolith type carrier, a coating layer of Pd ion-exchanged H-type ZSM-5 zeolite powder, and a coating layer of zeolite powder other than the above zeolite.

Abstract: A system for shaking water off a surface includes an electromagnetically operable driver unit for driving a member having the surface. The driver unit is connected to a control unit which controls oscillation frequency to be generated by the driver unit. The control unit adjusts the frequency of oscillation transmitted to the member for matching the oscillation frequency with the resonating frequency of the member for effectively shaking the water off the surface.