Abstract: A positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolytic secondary cell and a non-aqueous electrolytic secondary cell are provided, which exhibit a high potential in a 4 V region, and have a high capacity, safety, excellent cycle characteristics, and satisfactory high-temperature characteristics. The positive electrode active material is a mixture of an olivine type lithium manganese phosphate and a spinel type lithium manganate.

Abstract: An all-solid-state battery having a high output power and a long life, exhibiting high safety, and being produced at a low cost is provided. The all-solid-state battery has a cathode comprising a cathode material, an anode comprising an anode material, and a solid electrolyte layer comprising a solid electrolyte, wherein the cathode material, the anode material, and the solid electrolyte are a compound shown by the following formulas (1), (2), and (3), respectively: MaN1bX1c ??(1) MdN2eX2f ??(2) MgN3hX3i ??(3) wherein M represents H, Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, or Ca and X1, X2, and X3 are polyanions, each of N1 and N2 is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of transition metals, Al, and Cu, and N3 is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ge, Hf, Zr, Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, Sc, and In.

Abstract: An all-solid battery having a high output power is provided which exhibits high safety and is capable of being produced at a low cost is provided. The all-solid battery includes an internal electrode body having a cathode comprising a cathode material, an anode comprising an anode material, and a solid electrolyte layer comprising a solid electrolyte. The cathode material, the anode material, and the solid electrolyte are phosphoric acid compounds. The internal electrode body is integrated by firing the cathode, the anode, and the solid electrolyte layer, and the internal electrode body contains water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a secondary battery using a liquid electrolyte excellent in storage characteristics. The secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and a liquid electrolyte, where the cathode and the anode contain at least one mutual active material. This symmetrical electrode configuration, that the at least one active material for the cathode and the anode is mutual, enables equalization of an electrode electric potential difference before charge or after discharge; and thus electrolyte degradation is efficiently restrained to improve storage characteristics.

Abstract: The all-solid battery element of the invention is designed to simultaneously satisfy the increased contact area of electrodes with an electrolyte layer and the decreased thickness of the electrolyte layer. The all-solid battery element of the invention has at least one unit cell. The unit cell includes: a cathode having a cathode active material; an anode having an anode active material; and a solid electrolyte layer that is interposed between and is in contact with both the cathode and the anode. In the at least one unit cell, the solid electrolyte layer has a specific array structure of arranging at least part of the cathode and at least part of the anode in an alternate manner or in a zigzag manner.

Abstract: An all-solid battery having a high output power, exhibiting high safety, and capable of being produced at a low cost is provided. The all-solid battery (8) includes an internal electrode body (6) having a cathode (1) comprising a cathode material, an anode (2) comprising an anode material, and a solid electrolyte layer (3) comprising a solid electrolyte, the cathode material, the anode material, and the solid electrolyte being phosphoric acid compounds, the internal electrode body (6) being integrated by firing the cathode (1), anode (2), and solid electrolyte layer (3), and the internal electrode body (6) containing water.

Abstract: An all-solid-state battery having a high output power and a long life, exhibiting high safety, and being produced at a low cost is provided. The all-solid-state battery has a cathode comprising a cathode material, an anode comprising an anode material, and a solid electrolyte layer comprising a solid electrolyte, wherein the cathode material, the anode material, and the solid electrolyte are a compound shown by the following formulas (1), (2), and (3), respectively: MaN1bX1c ??(1) MdN2eX2f ??(2) MgN3hX3i ??(3) wherein M represents H, Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, or Ca and X1, X2, and X3 are polyanions, each of N1 and N2 is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of transition metals, Al, and Cu, and N3 is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ge, Hf, Zr, Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, Sc, and In.

Abstract: There is disclosed a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolytic secondary cell and a non-aqueous electrolytic secondary cell exhibiting a high potential of a 4 V region, and having a high capacity, safety, excellent cycle characteristic, and satisfactory high-temperature characteristic, wherein a positive electrode active material is a mixture of olivine type lithium manganese phosphate and spinel type lithium manganate.

Abstract: An electrochemical capacitor is provided, including an organic electrolyte solution and polarized electrodes immersed in the organic electrolyte solution. As an active substance of the polarized electrodes, the reaction product of an electrochemical reaction of a partially oxidized carbon material that contains fine crystals of graphite-like carbon in an organic electrolyte solution is used. The electrochemical capacitor has a high electrostatic capacity density based on a pseudo-capacity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric double layer capacitor including polarizable electrodes immersed in an organic electrolyte, wherein a carbon material for forming the polarizable electrode is a carbon material including graphite-like microcrystalline carbon produced by effecting a heat treatment together with at least one of an alkali metal and an alkali metal compound at not less than a temperature at which alkali metal vapor is generated, and an electrostatic capacity is expressed by insertion of ions of a solute of the organic electrolyte into a space between microcrystalline carbon layers of the carbon material. Accordingly, it is possible to achieve an electrostatic capacity and a withstand voltage which exceed those of the conventional electric double layer capacitor based on the activated carbon system.

Abstract: An electrochemical capacitor includes: an organic electrolyte solution, and an electrode body including polarized electrodes having, as a main component, a partially oxidized carbon material having fine crystals of graphite-like carbon, a separator, and current collectors, the electrode body being immersed in the organic electrolyte solution, and the polarized electrodes expanding in volume due to charge and contracting in volume due to discharge. Mechanical stress is applied to a carbon material having fine crystals of graphite-like carbon to introduce cracks and/or fractures thereinto, and the carbon material is partially oxidized to give a raw material for the polarized electrodes. The electrochemical capacitor can contribute to an increase in capacity of the capacitor.

Abstract: An electrochemical capacitor wherein electrode members include polarizing electrodes, whose main ingredient is a carbon material having partially oxidized graphite-like microcrystalline carbon, separators, and collectors is immersed in a organic electrolytic solution, the polarizing electrodes expanding on charging and contracting on discharging. Ions with ionic radii of 0.33 nm or less are used as the electrolyte cations of the organic electrolytic solution. The cell container holding electrode members and the electrolytic solution is provided with stress relaxing structure. Either collectors or separators are elastomers. The separators are sponge-like porous insulator with continuous pores.

Abstract: There is provided a manufacturing method of a capacitor including: providing the capacitor having positive and negative polarizable electrodes which generates an electric double layer; a separator with which the polarizable electrodes are electrically insulated therebetween; and collecting electrodes that are made of metal and lead out charges from the polarizable electrodes, and joining a bundle of lead portions of the collecting electrodes to an electrode terminal by ultrasonic welding. A gross area of protruding portions in an ultrasonic-welding surface is made to be within a range of 5 to 50% of a contact area of the ultrasonic-welding surface and lead sections of collecting electrodes. The manufacturing method can certainly perform junction with electrode terminals without increasing any junction resistance only by ultrasonic welding even if the bundle of lead portions of collecting electrodes is thick, or the number of sheets of collecting electrodes is large.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrochemical capacitor including an organic electrolytic solution and electrode bodies immersed in the organic electrolytic solution, each comprising a polarizing electrode (composed mainly of a carbon material containing a partially oxidized, graphite-like microcrystalline carbon), a separator and a collector, in which capacitor each polarizing electrode gives rise to volume expansion when charged and volume contraction when discharged, is provided.

Abstract: A system for detecting a fault occurred within a substation and judging a location of the fault including optical current sensors each having a Faraday element arranged on a top of an insulator post of a bus disconnecting switch, a magnetic core arranged to surround a terminal plate of the disconnecting switch to generate a magnetic field corresponding to a current passing through the terminal plate, a laser diode for emitting a laser light beam, an optical fiber for guiding the laser beam to the Faraday element, a photodiode, and an optical fiber for guiding the laser beam transmitted through the Faraday element to the photodiode. The photodiode supplies a signal representing the current passing through the terminal plate to a fault location judging circuit in which the fault location within the substation is judged from the signals from the photodiodes.

Abstract: In a system for transmitting an electrical power supply by means of an over-head power transmission line supported by power transmission towers, a fault such as a short-circuit fault and a ground fault is detected by providing optical current sensors having opto-magnetic elements and opto-electric field elements on respective conductors of the transmission line to detect a fault current and fault voltage on the basis of the Faraday's effect and Pockel's effect. Light beams passing through the elements are modulated by the magnetic fields induced by the currents passing through the conductors and the voltages on the conductors, and thus include information about the current and voltage. There is further provided a circuit for calculating a distance to a fault point in accordance with the detected current, voltage and a phase difference therebetween and a known impedance of the power transmission line.

Abstract: An excellent optical fiber built-in type composite insulator including at least two insulator bodies each having a penetration bore, at least one optical fiber inserted in the penetration bores, and sealing structures for the penetration bores of the insulator bodies and for a joining layer of opposing end surfaces of adjacent insulator bodies, is provided, which effectively prevents leakage of inner silicone grease, bending and breakage of the optical fiber, leakage of electric current along the penetration bores, short circuited trouble, and destruction of the insulator bodies, improves joining strength of the opposing end surfaces of the insulator bodies, and maintains the joining strength for a long period, affords a change of numbers of the insulator bodies, and facilitates the production. A method of producing such composite insulator is also provided.

Abstract: An optical current transformer particularly useful for a fault location system for a power supply system and substation, including a casing which can be detachably secured to a plurality of wire conductors which conduct currents of the same phase. Within the casing a plurality of Rogowsky coils are arranged such that when the casing is secured to the wire conductors, each Rogowsky coil is wound around respective wire conductors. The Rogowsky coils are connected in series with an air-core coil and an optical current sensor having a Faraday element is arranged within a space of the coil such that the Faraday element is subjected to a magnetic flux generated by the coil. A magnitude of the magnetic flux is optically detected by the Faraday element to measure a total sum of currents conducting along the wire conductors.

Abstract: An excellent optical fiber built-in type composite insulator including at least two insulator bodies each having a penetration bore, at least one optical fiber inserted in the penetration bores, and sealing structures for the penetration bores of the insulator bodies and for a joining layer of opposing end surfaces of adjacent insulator bodies, is provided, which effectively prevents leakage of inner silicone grease, bending and breakage of the optical fiber, leakage of electric current along the penetration bores, short circuited trouble, and destruction of the insulator bodies, improves joining strength of the opposing end surfaces of the insulator bodies, and maintains the joining strength for a long period, affords a change of numbers of the insulator bodies, and facilitates the production. A method of producing such composite insulator is also provided.

Abstract: A helmet with two-way radio communication faculty including a cap-like outer shell made of hard and electrically insulating plastic material, a cap-like shock absorbing member arranged within the outer shell, an ear-pad member secured to one side edge of the outer shell, a transmitter unit arranged in a top recess formed in an outer surface of the shock absorbing member at its top portion, a receiver unit arranged on an inner surface of the ear-pad member, a battery unit arranged in a side recess formed in the outer surface of the shock absorbing member at its side which is opposite to a side on which the ear-pad member is secured to the outer shell, a transmitting dipole antenna made of a metal foil secured on an inner surface of the outer shell at its one side with the aid of an electrically insulating adhesive tape, and a receiving dipole antenna made of a metal foil secured on the inner surface of the outer shell at its other side with the aid of an electrically insulating adhesive tape.