Abstract: A position control equipment has a piezoelectric actuator, a power supply for applying voltage to the piezoelectric actuator, a position control unit, and a reverse low voltage control unit. The position control unit identifies a position control state where position control is performed by displacing the piezoelectric actuator and a standby state that does not require the position control, and controls the position. When the position control unit identifies the standby state, the reverse low voltage control unit sets a reverse low voltage that directs oppositely to the polarization direction of the piezoelectric film and is lower than a coercive voltage and a set time during which the reverse low voltage is applied, and transmits a power supply control signal for generating the set reverse low voltage and set time to the power supply. Thus, a large displacement amount is kept and the long lifetime can be realized.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film device has a piezoelectric film element and a power supply circuit. The piezoelectric film element is formed of a first electrode, a second electrode, and a piezoelectric film that is sandwiched between the first electrode and second electrode and has a polarization vector in the film thickness direction. The polarization vector is inverted by application of a predetermined voltage or higher through the first electrode and second electrode. The power supply circuit supplies voltage for inverting the polarization vector. The piezoelectric film has each different lattice constant depending on the direction of the polarization vector. The piezoelectric film device keeps a different displacement position corresponding to the direction of the polarization vector even when the voltage application is stopped.

Abstract: A thin film piezoelectric element including a first structure having a sequential stack of layers, a first main electrode layer, a first opposed electrode layer and a first piezoelectric thin film having a first polarizing direction located between the first electrode layers, a second structure having as a sequential stack of layers, a second main electrode layer, a second opposed electrode layer and a second piezoelectric thin film having a second polarizing direction located between the second electrode layers, an insulating resin layer covering peripheral portions of the first and second structures, and at least one connecting electrode pad located at a side of one of the first and second structures, for connecting the main electrode layer and the opposed electrode layer of the structures to external equipment, wherein each first and second structures has a cross-sectional shape such that the piezoelectric thin film is tapered, diminishing in width, from a portion near the main electrode layer to a portion

Abstract: To provide a piezoelectric thin-film element small in leak current between electrode metal films and its manufacturing method are presented, the piezoelectric thin-film element includes at least one unit laminated body composed of a piezoelectric thin-film having a mutually facing first surface and second surface, a first electrode metal film on the first surface, and a second electrode metal film on the second surface, in which an electrode separation surface composed of a piezoelectric thin-film surface parallel to the first surface is provided between the first electrode metal film and second electrode metal film.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method for a piezoelectric actuator a first electrode layer is formed on substrate, a ferroelectric thin film is formed on the first electrode layer, and an inorganic protective layer 4 is formed on the ferroelectric thin film. Then, the inorganic protective layer 4 and the ferroelectric thin film are heat-treated under an oxygen containing atmosphere, and a second electrode layer is formed on an oxidation diffusion layer, wherein the oxidation diffusion layer is formed on a surface of the ferroelectric thin film as a result of component diffusion of the ferroelectric thin film and oxidation of the inorganic protective layer 4 due to the heat treatment. By using this method, it is possible to improve ferroelectricity without deterioration or cracking of a surface of the ferroelectric thin film.

Abstract: A thin film piezoelectric element including a first structure having a sequential stack of layers, a first main electrode layer, a first opposed electrode layer and a first piezoelectric thin film having a first polarizing direction located between the first electrode layers, a second structure having as a sequential stack of layers, a second main electrode layer, a second opposed electrode layer and a second piezoelectric thin film having a second polarizing direction located between the second electrode layers, an insulating resin layer covering peripheral portions of the first and second structures, and at least one connecting electrode pad located at a side of one of the first and second structures, for connecting the main electrode layer and the opposed electrode layer of the structures to external equipment, wherein each first and second structures has a cross-sectional shape such that the piezoelectric thin film is tapered, diminishing in width, from a portion near the main electrode layer to a portion

Abstract: In a manufacturing method for a piezoelectric actuator a first electrode layer is formed on substrate, a ferroelectric thin film is formed on the first electrode layer, and an inorganic protective layer 4 is formed on the ferroelectric thin film. Then, the inorganic protective layer 4 and the ferroelectric thin film are heat-treated under an oxygen containing atmosphere, and a second electrode layer is formed on an oxidation diffusion layer, wherein the oxidation diffusion layer is formed on a surface of the ferroelectric thin film as a result of component diffusion of the ferroelectric thin film and oxidation of the inorganic protective layer 4 due to the heat treatment. By using this method, it is possible to improve ferroelectricity without deterioration or cracking of a surface of the ferroelectric thin film.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device comprising a first electrode film, a second electrode film, and a piezoelectric thin film enclosed by the first electrode film and second electrode film, in which the piezoelectric thin film is an oxide piezoelectric thin film having an oxygen deficiency amount of more than 0% and not more than 10% of the stoichiometric composition. The piezoelectric device composed of the piezoelectric thin film having such oxygen deficiency has a greater piezoelectric performance as compared with the oxide piezoelectric thin film in oxidized state of stoichiometric composition, and by manufacturing in such condition, the film forming speed is increased, so that the mass producibility can be improved.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film piezoelectric element, wherein main electrode layer, piezoelectric thin film, and opposed electrode layer respectively having specified shapes are first formed on first substrate and second substrate, and after that, the opposed electrodes are opposed and bonded to each other, and insulating resin layer is formed over the peripheral portion thereof, and then the second substrate is removed, the insulating resin layer is etched, and connecting electrode pad is formed, and finally, the first substrate is removed to obtain a completely separated thin film piezoelectric element. By this method, it is possible to improve the reproducibility of shapes and to prevent trouble such as shorting between the electrodes which hold the piezoelectric thin film, thereby making it possible to provide a thin film piezoelectric element that may assure high yield without variation in piezoelectric characteristics, and its manufacturing method.

Abstract: In a disclosed method, a piezoelectric element 1 has an asymmetrical hysteresis characteristic of polarization-electric field different in absolute values between a coercive field of positive electric side and a coercive field of negative electric field side, and is polarized in the film thickness direction of the piezoelectric element 1 and in a direction of smaller absolute value of the coercive field, and as a position control voltage Q1 for position control by ditorting the piezoelectric element 1 in a direction orthogonal to the film thickness direction of the piezoelectric element 1, a voltage equivalent to an electric field of 0.4 or less of the coercive field value is applied in the film thickness direction of the piezoelectric element 1 in a direction of larger absolute value of the coercive field.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method for a piezoelectric actuator a first electrode layer is formed on substrate, a ferroelectric thin film is formed on the first electrode layer, and an inorganic protective layer 4 is formed on the ferroelectric thin film. Then, the inorganic protective layer 4 and the ferroelectric thin film are heat-treated under an oxygen containing atmosphere, and a second electrode layer is formed on an oxidation diffusion layer,wherein the oxidation diffusion layer is formed on a surface of the ferroelectric thin film as a result of component diffusion of the ferroelectric thin film and oxidation of the inorganic protective layer 4 due to the heat treatment. By using this method, it is possible to improve ferroelectricity without deterioration or cracking of a surface of the ferroelectric thin film.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film piezoelectric element, wherein main electrode layer, piezoelectric thin film, and opposed electrode layer respectively having specified shapes are first formed on first substrate and second substrate, and after that, the opposed electrodes are opposed and bonded to each other, and insulating resin layer is formed over the peripheral portion thereof, and then the second substrate is removed, the insulating resin layer is etched, and connecting electrode pad is formed, and finally, the first substrate is removed to obtain a completely separated thin film piezoelectric element. By this method, it is possible to improve the reproducibility of shapes and to prevent trouble such as shorting between the electrodes which hold the piezoelectric thin film, thereby making it possible to provide a thin film piezoelectric element that may assure high yield without variation in piezoelectric characteristics, and its manufacturing method.

Abstract: To provide a piezoelectric thin-film element small in leak current between electrode metal films and its manufacturing method are presented, the piezoelectric thin-film element comprises at least one unit laminated body composed of a piezoelectric thin-film having mutually facing first surface and second surface, a first electrode metal film on the first surface, and a second electrode metal film on the second surface, in which an electrode separation surface composed of a piezoelectric thin-film surface parallel to the first surface is provided between the first electrode metal film and second electrode metal film.

Abstract: A housing 2 for a vehicular transmission comprises a first room R1 which accommodates a continuous speed change mechanism and a second room R2 which accommodates a driving force transmission mechanism including a starting mechanism, a reduction train, a differential mechanism, a power supply mechanism for an oil pump, etc. In each room, inlet openings 72 through 74 for oil discharge passages are provided near and above both the sides of an oil pan 26 in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the input and output shafts of the continuous speed change mechanism, to return lubrication oil to the oil pan 26. Also, walls 61 through 65 are provided in the rooms to lead the lubrication oil into the respective inlet openings. In this construction, the lubrication oil returning from each room to the oil pan 26 is stabilized at each room and discharged to the oil pan 26, and thereby the lubrication oil achieves homogeneity in the oil pan 26.

Abstract: A miniature electromagnetic relay is capable of increasing the coil packing density, yet assuring electrical insulation of the coil from a core of the electromagnet. The relay includes a pair of movable and fixed contacts, an armature carrying the movable contact, and an electromagnet block having an excitation coil which moves the armature for closing and opening the contacts upon being energized. The electromagnet block includes a generally U-shaped core with a center core and a pair of yokes extending from opposite ends of the center core, flanges of dielectric material molded respectively around portions of the yokes, and a dielectric tape fitted around the center core over substantially the entire length of the center core to receive therearound the excitation coil in an electrically insulating relation from the core.

Abstract: A motion detector detects a motion of a video signal by a simple circuit arrangement with high accuracy.

Abstract: A polarized relay includes a coil block having an elongated coil bobbin, a core inserted therein, and an excitation coil wound about the coil bobbin. The core has opposed pole ends projecting upwardly from longitudinal ends of the coil bobbin. A permanent magnet is interposed between the pole ends on the coil bobbin. Disposed on the coil block is an armature block which comprises an elongated generally flat armature and a set of movable springs carrying movable contacts. The movable springs are held together with the armature by means of an electrically insulating harness molded on the armature. The armature is pivotally supported on the coil block to be movable between two contact operating positions and constituting a magnetic circuit with the core and the permanent magnet for polarized operation of the armature.

Abstract: A video signal processing circuit used for a non-interlace television comprises an interfield interpolation circuit for carrying out interfield interpolation by using a video signal before one field of an input video signal to output interpolated line video signals corresponding to respective interline positions in one field. An intrafield interpolation circuit carries out intrafield interpolation by using video signals of a plurality of lines of the input video signal to output interpolated line video signals corresponding to respective interline positions in one field. A motion detector detects motion of the input video signal, and a weighting adder implements weighting to an output signal from the interfield interpolation circuit and an output signal from the intrafield interpolation circuit in accordance with a signal from the motion detector to add the weighted output signals.

Abstract: A television receiver for extended definition television carries out scanning line interpolation in a way that eliminates picture shift on the screen and ensures normal display when supplied with a non-standard video signal having a scanning line count of other than 262.5 lines per field. The television receiver includes a scanning line interpolation circuit, a normal video signal detection circuit and a interpolation controller. The scanning line interpolation circuit effects scanning line interpolation using either data in the current field or out-of-field data as per the result of motion detection in the picture. The normal video signal detection circuit distinguishes the normal video signal from other signals by detecting the number of scanning lines involved. The interpolation controller causes the scanning line interpolation circuit to effect scanning line interpolation using only the inside-field data if the supplied signal is a non-standard signal.