Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes an input section, a position calculation section, a storage section, a log information record section, a display data generation section and a display section. The input section receives document identification information, which are output as output signals from respective transmission portions set to correspond to respective documents, and user identification information, which are output as output signals from respective transmission portions set to correspond to users. The position calculation section calculates document positions and user positions based on the document identification information and the user identification information. The storage section stores the calculated document positions and the calculated user positions. The log information record section records document use histories of the users based on the stored document positions and the stored user positions.

Abstract: In order to obtain a beam splitting prism which a beam can be split with simpler configuration in a state in which an optical path length is precisely controlled, there is provided a beam splitting prism having an incident and an outgoing faces orthogonal or parallel to each other, wherein transparent mediums, at least one beam splitter, and at least one reflector are combined so that the beam splitter and the reflector are located between the transparent mediums, the beam splitter and the reflector are arranged whose normal directions are orthogonal to each other, whereby a beam incident from an incident end face is outputted from an outgoing end face in the form of a plurality of split output beams.

Abstract: Incident signal beam pulses are transmitted by an on-state region, and an optical path for the signal beam pulses is spatially switched in an optical switch. Signal beam pulses transmitted by the on-state region of the optical switch are detected at a pixel corresponding to a transmitting region of a photo-detector equipped with a plurality of pixels. A timing computation unit acquires position information of a pixel at which a predetermined signal beam pulse has been detected, on the basis of a result of the detection conducted by the photo-detector, and computes timing of arrival of a predetermined signal beam pulse at the optical switch on the basis of the position information of the pixel and time when a region corresponding to the pixel is brought to an on-state.

Abstract: A surface shape measuring adapted so that object light and reference light are outputted from a low coherence light source, the object light which is irradiated onto an object and is reflected and returned therefrom is combined with the reference light, combined light is received by a photodetector to measure a surface shape of the object, including: an optical path length scanning portion adapted to scan an optical path length of the object light or the reference light within a predetermined range; and a splitting optical system provided on at least one of optical paths of the object light and the reference light, to split an incident light beam into light beams, wherein the splitting optical system sets a predetermined optical path length difference corresponding to each predetermined pair of the light beams among the light beams into which the incident light beam is split.

Abstract: A three-dimensional video display method includes a first step of causing a first optical pulse to enter a fluorescent space from a predetermined direction, and a second step of causing a second optical pulse, into which cross-sectional information is written, to enter the fluorescent space from a direction opposite to the predetermined direction, to induce fluorescence at a position in the fluorescent space where the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse overlap each other.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes an input section, a position calculation section, a storage section, a log information record section, a display data generation section and a display section. The input section receives document identification information, which are output as output signals from respective transmission portions set to correspond to respective documents, and user identification information, which are output as output signals from respective transmission portions set to correspond to users. The position calculation section calculates document positions and user positions based on the document identification information and the user identification information. The storage section stores the calculated document positions and the calculated user positions. The log information record section records document use histories of the users based on the stored document positions and the stored user positions.

Abstract: An optical switching device including a substrate and at least an organic film as a light control part formed on the substrate. Optical switching is performed by applying signal light and control light to the organic film, the wavelengths of the signal light and the control light being set in a region in the vicinity of resonance on the longer wavelength side in the absorption spectrum of the organic film; and by changing a real part or real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of the light control part by using the control light, to thereby cause a phase difference in the signal light.

Abstract: An optical switching device including a substrate and at least an organic film as a light control part formed on the substrate. Optical switching is performed by applying signal light and control light to the organic film, the wavelengths of the signal light and the control light being set in a region in the vicinity of resonance on the longer wavelength side in the absorption spectrum of the organic film; and by changing a real part or real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of the light control part by using the control light, to thereby cause a phase difference in the signal light.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus in which an increase in the service life is compatible with a reduction in apparatus size and cost and which provides high productivity in image formation. The image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member; an image forming unit; an intermediate transfer device; a final transfer member; a potential gradient forming unit; and a cleaning unit; an upstream side cleaning roll, a downstream side cleaning roll which is in contact with the intermediate transfer member on the downstream side of the upstream side cleaning roll with respect to a feedback direction in which the residual toner is fed back from the final transfer position to the primary transfer position, and a cleaning brush which is in contact with the intermediate transfer member on the downstream side of the upstream side cleaning roll and on the upstream side of the downstream side cleaning roll.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus capable of preventing generation of an excessive difference in potential between a cleaning member and an intermediate transfer member to thereby increase the service life of the intermediate transfer member, including an image bearing member; an image forming unit; an intermediate transfer device formed by at least one intermediate transfer member; a final transfer member; a cleaning member; and a control unit which applies an intermediate-transfer-member-bias to the intermediate transfer member and applies a cleaning-member-bias to the cleaning member to thereby control the potential gradient between the cleaning member and the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: To provide an image forming apparatus capable of reliably removing an untransferred residual toner from the surface of an intermediate transfer drum which is covered with an elastic layer, thereby enabling to form a recorded image having a high image quality with no ghost image, and capable of continuing to form recorded images having the high image quality over a long period of time without causing damage to the intermediate transfer drum. The intermediate transfer drum is structured such that the periphery of a metal base is covered with an elastic layer. As a toner discharging member for capturing a toner adhered to the intermediate transfer drum and discharging the toner as waste into a recovery box, there are provided a recovery roll that rotates while being in contact with the intermediate transfer drum and a scraper for scraping off a toner adhered to the surface of the recovery roll.

Abstract: In order to obtain a beam splitting prism which a beam can be split with simpler configuration in a state in which an optical path length is precisely controlled, there is provided a beam splitting prism having an incident and an outgoing faces orthogonal or parallel to each other, wherein transparent mediums, at least one beam splitter, and at least one reflector are combined so that the beam splitter and the reflector are located between the transparent mediums, the beam splitter and the reflector are arranged whose normal directions are orthogonal to each other, whereby a beam incident from an incident end face is outputted from an outgoing end face in the form of a plurality of split output beams.

Abstract: Incident signal beam pulses are transmitted by an on-state region, and an optical path for the signal beam pulses is spatially switched in an optical switch. Signal beam pulses transmitted by the on-state region of the optical switch are detected at a pixel corresponding to a transmitting region of a photo-detector equipped with a plurality of pixels. A timing computation unit acquires position information of a pixel at which a predetermined signal beam pulse has been detected, on the basis of a result of the detection conducted by the photo-detector, and computes timing of arrival of a predetermined signal beam pulse at the optical switch on the basis of the position information of the pixel and time when a region corresponding to the pixel is brought to an on-state.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus in which an increase in the service life of the intermediate transfer member is compatible with a reduction in apparatus size and cost and which provides high productivity in image formation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus capable of preventing generation of an excessive difference in potential between a cleaning member and an intermediate transfer member to thereby increase the service life of the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: To provide an image forming apparatus capable of reliably removing an untransferred residual toner from the surface of an intermediate transfer drum which is covered with an elastic layer, thereby enabling to forma recorded image having a high image quality with no ghost image, and capable of continuing to form recorded images having the high image quality over a long period of time without causing damage to the intermediate transfer drum. The intermediate transfer drum is structured such that the periphery of a metal base is covered with an elastic layer. As a toner discharging member for capturing a toner adhered to the intermediate transfer drum and discharging the toner as waste into a recovery box, there are provided a recovery roll that rotates while being in contact with the intermediate transfer drum and a scraper for scraping off a toner adhered to the surface of the recovery roll.