Abstract: This invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing synucleinopathy comprising a compound represented by formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing synucleinopathy comprising a compound represented by formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: [Problem] The present invention addresses the problem of providing a compound that is useful for preventing or treating diseases associated with malfunctioning of PGI2 receptors, in particular, pulmonary hypertension. [Solution] A positive allosteric regulator of a PGI2 receptor which comprises a compound represented by formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof. (1) (In the formula, R1 is a branched chain or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted, R2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted, R3 is 1 to 4 substituents which are the same or different independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted, and an alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted, and A is an aryl which may be substituted or a heteroaryl which may be substituted.

Abstract: A transmission unit includes a transmission pulse signal generating circuit which generates a transmission pulse signal having pulses corresponding to a plurality of clock signals generated in a clock signal generating circuit, existing between a first pulse and a second pulse which are generated in an edge pulse generating circuit. A receiving unit is configured to decode a received pulse signal based on the transmission pulse signal received from the transmission unit via an isolated communication unit, as a signal that transitions from a first level to a second level when an initial pulse of the received pulse signal is detected and that transitions from the second level to the first level when a subsequent pulse is not detected within a predetermined first time period from when a most recent pulse of the received pulse signal is detected.

Abstract: A load drive circuit with a current bidirectional detecting function includes: a current bidirectional switch connected between a first wire and a second wire and through which a first forward current flows in a direction from the first wire to the second wire and a first backward current flows in a direction from the second wire to the first wire; a forward current detecting switch connected to the first wire and into which a second forward current correlated to the first forward current flowing through the current bidirectional switch flows; a backward current detecting switch connected to the second wire and into which a second backward current correlated to the first backward current flowing through the current bidirectional switch flows.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a diode circuit which achieves ideal diode characteristics which observe an enough reverse breakdown voltage, and whose forward voltage is nearly 0 V. An active diode has an anode terminal and a cathode terminal. The active diode includes a transistor which has a gate terminal, a drain terminal connected to one of the anode terminal and the cathode terminal, and a source terminal connected to the other one of the anode terminal or the cathode terminal; and a gate voltage generating circuit which delivers a gate voltage to the gate terminal, the gate voltage being adjusted to be equal to a threshold voltage of the transistor.

Abstract: A load drive circuit with a current bidirectional detecting function includes: a current bidirectional switch connected between a first wire and a second wire and through which a first forward current flows in a direction from the first wire to the second wire and a first backward current flows in a direction from the second wire to the first wire; a forward current detecting switch connected to the first wire and into which a second forward current correlated to the first forward current flowing through the current bidirectional switch flows; a backward current detecting switch connected to the second wire and into which a second backward current correlated to the first backward current flowing through the current bidirectional switch flows.

Abstract: A transmission unit includes a transmission pulse signal generating circuit which generates a transmission pulse signal having pulses corresponding to a plurality of clock signals generated in a clock signal generating circuit, existing between a first pulse and a second pulse which are generated in an edge pulse generating circuit. A receiving unit is configured to decode a received pulse signal based on the transmission pulse signal received from the transmission unit via an isolated communication unit, as a signal that transitions from a first level to a second level when an initial pulse of the received pulse signal is detected and that transitions from the second level to the first level when a subsequent pulse is not detected within a predetermined first time period from when a most recent pulse of the received pulse signal is detected.

Abstract: Novel substituted carboxylic acid derivatives which bind as ligands to human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) to activate the receptor and thereby exhibit potent effects of decreasing neutral fat, cholesterol, and blood sugar; and a processes for preparing the derivatives.

Abstract: The invention provides novel substituted phenylpropionic acid derivatives that bind to the receptor as ligands of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) to activate and exhibit potent lipid-decreasing action, and processes for preparing them.

Abstract: The invention provides novel substituted carboxylic acid derivatives that bind to receptor as ligands of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) to activate it and exhibit potent triglyceride-lowering action, cholesterol-lowering action and blood glucose-lowering action, and processes for preparing them. The invention relates to substituted carboxylic acid derivatives represented by a general formula (1), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and their hydrates, and processes for preparing them.

Abstract: The invention provides novel substituted benzylthiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives which increase the transactivation action of receptor as a ligand of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and exhibit the blood glucose-decreasing action and lipid-decreasing action, and a process for preparing them. The invention relates to substituted benzylthiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives represented by the general formula (1) [wherein A denotes a phenyl group which is unsubstituted or may have substituents, phenoxy group which is unsubstituted or may have substituents or benzyloxy group which is unsubstituted or may have substituents], their medicinally acceptable salts, their hydrates and a process for preparing them.

Abstract: The invention provides novel substituted benzylthiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives that bind to receptor to activate as ligands of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and exhibit blood glucose-decreasing action and lipid-decreasing action, and processes for preparing them. It relates to substituted benzylthiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives represented by the general formula (1) [wherein the bond mode of A denotes —CH2CONH—, —NHCONH—, —CH2CH2CO— or —NHCOCH2—, and B denotes a lower alkyl group with carbon atoms of 1 to 4, lower alkoxy group with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, phenyl group which is unsubstituted or may have substituents, phenoxy group which is unsubstituted or may have substituents or benzyloxy group which is unsubstituted or may have substituents], their medicinally acceptable salts, their hydrates and processes for preparing them.

Abstract: The invention provides novel substituted phenylpropionic acid derivatives that bind to the receptor as ligands of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPAR&agr;) to activate and exhibit potent lipid-decreasing action, and processes for preparing them.

Abstract: The invention provides novel substituted phenylpropanoic acid derivatives that activate by binding to receptor as ligands of human peroxisome preliferant-activated receptor &agr; (PPAR&agr;), and exhibit potent decreasing action on lipids in blood (cholesterol and triglyceride). It relates to a substituted phenylpropanoic acid derivatives represented by a general formula (1), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and their hydrates, and processes for preparing them.

Abstract: The invention relates to the imidazole derivatives as selective antagonistic substances against muscarinic acetylcholine and provides imidazole derivatives represented by a general formula (1) or (2) ##STR1## [wherein R.sub.1 is a phenyl group which may have substituent or thienyl group, R.sub.2 is a cyano group, a carboxyl group, CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 group (wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 each independently represent hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, or R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 may form a ring by alkylene chain which may contain hetero atom) or COOR.sub.9 group (wherein R.sub.9 is a lower alkyl group), R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each independently represent hydrogen atom, lower alkyl group which may have substituent or cycloalkyl groups, or may form a condensed ring at the positions of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 with benzene ring, R.sub.10 is a lower alkyl group or an aralkyl group which may have substituent, m is an integer from 1 to 6, and z is a halogen atom].

Abstract: Novel N-substituted pyrrolidine derivatives having a highly selective and potent antagonism against smooth muscle muscarine receptors and being useful for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and the like, characterized by being represented by general formula (1) wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a lower alkoxy group and a process for preparing the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to the imidazole derivatives as selective antagonistic substances against muscarinic acetylcholine and provides imidazole derivatives represented by a general formula (1) or (2) ##STR1## ?wherein R.sub.1 is a phenyl group which may have substituent or thienyl group, R.sub.2 is a cyano group, a carboxy group, CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 group (wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 each independently represent hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, or R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 may form a ring by alkylene chain which may contain hetero atom) or COOR.sub.9 group (wherein R.sub.9 is a lower alkyl group), R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each independently represent hydrogen atom, lower alkyl group which may have substituent or cycloalkyl groups, or may form a condensed ring at the positions of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 with benzene ring, R.sub.10 is a lower alkyl group or aralkyl group which may have substituent, m is an integer from 1 to 6, and Z is a halogen atom!.

Abstract: A phase error between an information signal including a reference signal that can be detected asynchronously and a synchronized signal that is synchronously produced from the information signal is detected, and a signal in response to an absolute value of the phase error is produced. Further, a defect detecting signal is produced in response to the absolute value of the phase error. Therefore, whether a pulse signal exceeding a maximum value of the pulse width of the information signal, that is, a pulse signal exceeding the pulse width of the reference signal, is detected or not, it is possible to detect that the signal reproduction enters a defect region immediately after the entry. Accordingly, a defect with noise or a track jumping can be detected rapidly.

Abstract: A reproduced signal is digitized so as to count a time interval of a specified pattern simultaneously with the count of a clock period of a phase lock loop circuit. A phase lock loop clock frequency is subjected to a feedback control based on the information indicated the difference between the time interval and the clock period. In this manner, a frequency loop performs a feedback operation so that a frequency of the reproduced signal falls within a capture range of a phase lock-in, thereby increasing the speed of phase lock-in.