Abstract: A camera shutter has a base plate provided with a shutter opening. Sectors are mounted on the base plate to undergo movement to open and close the shutter opening. A driving lever has a driving pin that extends through through-holes in the sectors for operating the sectors. One of the through-holes is configured so that a gap is formed between an edge of the through-hole and the driving pin in the direction of movement of the driving pin. As the driving pin moves to drive the sectors to close the shutter opening, the movement of the driving pin is abruptly stopped when the sectors fully close the shutter opening thereby causing the driving pin to rebound. The rebounding motion is not transmitted to the sector in which the gap is formed, and inertia permits further movement of the sector in the closing direction over a distance equal to the gap. This maintains the sectors in overlapping relation and prevents reexposure when the shutter is in a fully closed state.

Abstract: To prevent rebounding motion of sectors caused in stopping the sectors and achieve small-sized formation of a shutter, there is provided a shutter for a camera including sectors for opening and closing a shutter opening by reciprocal and pivotal movement, a motor for reciprocally and pivotally moving the sectors by forwardly and reversely rotating a rotor of the motor by applying current to a coil in forward and reverse directions, a control circuit for controlling current applied to the coil for exposure control in accordance with a brightness of an object to be photographed and a memory circuit for outputting data used for applying current to the control circuit in correspondence with operational characteristics of the motor and the sectors. The memory circuit is provided with current data for applying current to the coil for rotating the rotor in a direction reverse to a rebounding direction of the sectors to prevent a rebounding motion of the sectors.

Abstract: A shutter for a camera capable of opening a shutter sector in a reduced period of time includes a shutter opening formed in a shutter plate, shutter sectors for opening and closing the shutter opening, a drive lever having a drive pin for operating the shutter sectors, and an actuator for driving the drive lever. The drive pin penetrates through-holes formed in the shutter sectors. The through-holes have a size sufficiently large so that the drive lever is driven by the actuator substantially in a no-load state immediately after starting to drive the drive lever so that the shutter sectors are not moved until the drive pin has achieved sufficient acceleration.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a thermoelectric element with a higher thermoelectric performance than that of a conventional thermoelectric element. This fabrication method includes the steps of: (a) preparing a thermoelectric material having a predetermined composition; and (b) applying extruding pressure to the thermoelectric material in a first direction to extrude it through a die having, in an area which is not less than half of a deforming area of the thermoelectric material in the first direction, a maximum strain rate within +30% of an average strain rate so as to plastically deform the thermoelectric material into an extruded product of the thermoelectric material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface treatment apparatus which can treat a surface with high speed and high quality. A casing of a surface treatment apparatus is defined into two chambers, a plasma generation chamber provided with a plasma generation electrode and a substrate treatment chamber provided with a substrate support table. A plasma nozzle is formed on an anode electrode constituting a partition wall of the both chambers. A recess is formed on an upper cathode electrode. Further, the plasma nozzle is used as a hollow anode discharge generation area, and the recess as a hollow cathode discharge generation area.

Abstract: To make it possible to receive a modulated signal which is obtained by suppressing a carrier signal such as a high definition TV signal which is digitally demodulated such as QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation), a receiver of the double super-heterodyne system having the first and second mixers 9 and 13 is a basic constitution. A band pass filter having a flatness in pass band and a small deviation of group delay which will prevent the demodulation of a high definition TV signal from degradation is used a first intermediate frequency filter 11. An SAW filter is used as a second intermediate frequency filter 16. The third mixer 28 for converting a second intermediate frequency signal to a third intermediate frequency signal in frequency is installed and the frequency of the third intermediate frequency signal to be converted is set to a value lower than the frequency of the second intermediate frequency signal.

Abstract: An automatic gain controlling circuit and a high-definition television signal receiving apparatus includes an input terminal for receiving a signal including first and second signal components creating interference, a first automatic gain controlling amplifier for amplifying the received signal and providing an amplified output signal, a filter for selectively passing a signal portion in a predetermined band of the amplified output signal from the first automatic gain controlling amplifier, and a second automatic gain controlling amplifier for amplifying the signal portion passed by said filter and providing amplified output signal portion.

Abstract: To make it possible to receive a modulated signal which is obtained by suppressing a carrier signal such as a high definition TV signal which is digitally demodulated such as QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation), a receiver of the double super-heterodyne system having the first and second mixers 9 and 13 is a basic constitution. A band pass filter having a flatness in pass band and a small deviation of group delay which will prevent the demodulation of a high definition TV signal from degradation is used a first intermediate frequency filter 11. An SAW filter is used as a second intermediate frequency filter 16. The third mixer 28 for converting a second intermediate frequency signal to a third intermediate frequency signal in frequency is installed and the frequency of the third intermediate frequency signal to be converted is set to a value lower than the frequency of the second intermediate frequency signal.

Abstract: In an electro-photographic photosensor wherein amorphous silicon as a photoconductive layer is formed on the surface of an aluminum base which has been processed to be alumite layer consisting of a porous layer and barrier layer, amorphous silicon is formed directly on the surface of the porous layer in which porosities is remained by the elimination of the process of sealing porosities. Further, when aluminum is processed by electrolyzation to be alumite, thickness of the barrier layer and the porous layer are appropriately set to provide good adhesive strength of amorphous silicon to the aluminum base and good electrostatic characteristics by adjusting respectively a voltage and duration of the electrolyzation.

Abstract: A frequency converter which is capable of rejecting unnecessary signals generated by image signals. The frequency converter has first and second local oscillation circuits which generate local oscillation signals whose frequencies are the same and whose phases are different by 90 degrees from each other. The converter further includes two mixer circuits, and a hybrid coupler. The mixer circuits generate two unnecessary signals whose phases are different by 90 degrees from each other. The hybrid coupler delays one unnecessary signal by a quarter of a wavelength to generate two unnecessary signals whose phases are different by 180 degrees from each other, so that they are cancelled by each other.

Abstract: The photosensitive member is constituted by a supporting member made of pure aluminum coated with a porous amorphous aluminum oxide anhydride layer, a photoconductive layer formed on the supporting member and comprises a hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer, an intermediate layer laminated on the photoconductive layer and consists of amorphous silicon nitride or amorphous silicon carbide and a surface layer laminated on the intermediate layerand consists of hydrogen containing amorphous boron nitride.