Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a manufacturing method which permits a high quality perpendicular magnetic recording medium to be manufactured with a high yield by preventing abnormal discharge which sputters particles from the target. In one embodiment, while the perpendicular magnetic recording medium is formed, DC pulses are applied to the target. During the reversal period (Reversal Time) between sputtering periods, a voltage of the opposite polarity is applied. During the sputtering period, a negative voltage is applied which biases the target surface to a negative potential, causing Ar+ to collide with and sputter CoCrPt and SiO2 for deposition on the intermediate layer. The top surface of the insulation material (SiO2) on the target is charged by Ar+ to have a voltage larger than the target voltage. However, arcing can be prevented since the charge on the surface of the insulation material is neutralized due to a positive voltage applied to the target during the non-sputtering period.

Abstract: Disclosed are a perpendicular magnetic recording medium with lower medium noise, insusceptible to thermal fluctuation and high recording resolution and a method of manufacturing it. As the step of forming a metal layer at the time of forming a recording layer on a non-magnetic substrate via a plurality of underlayers and the step of forming an oxide layer with an average thickness of 0.2 nm or less are repeated, the crystal grains are magnetically isolated without disturbing the orientation of the crystal grain of the recording layer of the perpendicular magnetic recording medium or without degrading the magnetic characteristic of the crystal grain of the recording layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a high strength steel sheet containing, in mass %, C: 0.02 to 0.04%, Si: at most 0.4%, Mn: 0.5-3.0%, P: at most 0.15%, S: at most 0.03%, Al: at most 0.50%, N: at most 0.01%, and Mo: 0.01-1.0%. The method includes performing hot rough rolling either directly or after heating to a temperature of at most 1300° C., commencing hot finish rolling either directly or after reheating or holding, completing finish rolling at a temperature of at least 780° C., performing coiling after cooling to a temperature of 750° C. or below at an average cooling rate of at least 3° C./second, heating to an annealing temperature of at least 700° C. and then cooling to a temperature of 600° C. or below at an average cooling rate of at least 3° C./second, then holding in a temperature range of 450-600° C. for at least 10 seconds, and performing hot dip galvanizing after cooling.

Abstract: A rinsing composition contains at least one water-soluble polymer selected from a water-soluble polysaccharide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and a hydrophilic polymer obtained by adding an alkyl group or an alkylene group to the copolymer. The rinsing composition can be advantageously used in rinsing polished silicon wafers.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium includes an intermediate film formed of a plurality of layers between a soft magnetic film and a perpendicular magnetization film. The intermediate film includes at least two layers, i.e., an oxygen-containing layer, or a nonmetallic element-containing layer containing nitrogen, silicon or carbon, and a metallic layer formed on a surface side of the oxygen-containing layer or the nonmetallic element-containing layer. The metallic layer includes a plurality of isolated island-shaped structures. Crystal grains of the perpendicular magnetization film are formed so as to correspond to the isolated island-shaped structures. As a result, a high recording density is obtained.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium includes an intermediate film formed of a plurality of layers between a soft magnetic film and a perpendicular magnetization film. The intermediate film includes at least two layers, i.e., an oxygen-containing layer, or a nonmetallic element-containing layer containing nitrogen, silicon or carbon, and a metallic layer formed on a surface side of the oxygen-containing layer or the nonmetallic element-containing layer. The metallic layer includes a plurality of isolated island-shaped structures. Crystal grains of the perpendicular magnetization film are formed so as to correspond to the isolated island-shaped structures. As a result, a high recording density is obtained.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a perpendicular magnetic recording medium that not only attains the magnetic isolation of crystal grains in a magnetic recording layer from one another in a region of the medium in which the thickness of an intermediate layer is equal to or smaller than about 20 nm but also exhibits excellent crystallographic texture and that exhibits small medium noise, excellent thermal stability, and high write-ability. In one embodiment, a perpendicular magnetic recording medium has at least a soft-magnetic underlayer, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer, a third intermediate layer, and a magnetic recording layer successively formed on a substrate.

Abstract: A technique has been developed for degrading toxic substances such as aflatoxins-related substances, without affecting on the properties of agricultural commodities, foods and feeds. The technique includes a composition for degrading toxic substances selected from aflatoxins-related substances and toxic aromatic compounds, the composition which contains a hemin and/or heme-containing substance, and a method for detoxifying agricultural commodities, foods or feeds contaminated with toxic substances selected from aflatoxins-related substances and toxic aromatic compounds, the method which comprises contacting the contaminated agricultural commodities, foods or feeds with a hemin and/or heme-containing substance.

Abstract: Disclosed here is a perpendicular magnetic recording medium for realizing a high media S/N value without degrading the magnetic isolation of crystal grains from each another. The perpendicular magnetic recording medium comprises a substrate, a soft magnetic underlayer formed on the substrate, an intermediate layer formed on the soft magnetic underlayer, and a magnetic recording layer formed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer consists of at least two or more layers and contains Ru or an Ru alloy and the magnetic recording layer is made of a material containing a CoCrPt alloy and oxygen. The crystallo graphic orientation of the recording layer can be improved enough without increasing the crystal grain size if a full width at half-maximum ??50 of the Rocking curves of the Ru (0002) diffraction peak measured by an X-ray diffraction method is 5° and under.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium, which has a low level of recording noise and sufficiently large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy relative to demagnetizing field energy, includes a substrate and a multi-layered magnetic film. The multi-layered magnetic film is composed of ferromagnetic metal layers of Co alloy containing at least Cr and non-magnetic metal layers of Pd alloy, each one layer of which are laminated alternately on top of one layer of the other. The ferromagnetic metal layers and the non-magnetic metal layers have a thickness of d1 and d2, respectively, with the ratio of d1/d2 being in the range of 1.5 to 4.0. This specific layer structure reduces the magnetic exchange interaction between magnetic particles in the multi-layered magnetic film. Therefore, the perpendicular magnetic recording medium is stable against thermal disturbance and has a low level of recording noise.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium, which has a low level of recording noise and sufficiently large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy relative to demagnetizing field energy, includes a substrate and a multi-layered magnetic film. The multi-layered magnetic film is composed of ferromagnetic metal layers of Co alloy containing at least Cr and non-magnetic metal layers of Pd alloy, each one layer of which are laminated alternately on top of one layer of the other. The ferromagnetic metal layers and the non-magnetic metal layers have a thickness of d1 and d2, respectively, with the ratio of d1/d2 being in the range of 1.5 to 4.0. This specific layer structure reduces the magnetic exchange interaction between magnetic particles in the multi-layered magnetic film. Therefore, the perpendicular magnetic recording medium is stable against thermal disturbance and has a low level of recording noise.

Abstract: Disclosed are a perpendicular magnetic recording medium with lower medium noise, insusceptible to thermal fluctuation and high recording resolution and a method of manufacturing it. As the step of forming a metal layer at the time of forming a recording layer on a non-magnetic substrate via a plurality of underlayers and the step of forming an oxide layer with an average thickness of 0.2 nm or less are repeated, the crystal grains are magnetically isolated without disturbing the orientation of the crystal grain of the recording layer of the perpendicular magnetic recording medium or without degrading the magnetic characteristic of the crystal grain of the recording layer.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium and a magnetic storage apparatus, which show an excellent S/N ratio and are suitable for ultra high density magnetic recording, are provided. In the perpendicular magnetic recording medium having a recording layer composed of at least two layers of a main recording layer formed above a substrate and a thermally-stabilizing layer formed on the main recording layer, the thermally-stabilizing layer being formed closer to a surface of the medium than the main recording layer, alloy containing Co and Cr as a main component, which shows a low noise property, is used as the main recording layer, amorphous alloy containing rare earth metals and 3d transition metals as a main component, which is excellent in thermal stability, is used as the thermally-stabilizing layer, and a cap layer formed of alloy containing Co and Cr as a main component is formed on a surface of the thermally-stabilizing layer.

Abstract: Co/Pd or Co/Pt superlattice is provided to enable magnetic recording devices to sustain good recording/readback performances across a wide range of temperatures. Such a superlattice medium includes a substrate and a magnetic layer formed on the substrate and the magnetic layer comprises multilayer superlattice films of ferromagnetic metal layers which contain Co and paramagnetic metal layers which consist of Pd and/or Pt, wherein the ferromagnetic metal layers further contain a paramagnetic element and the thickness of the paramagnetic metal layers is 0.8 nm or less. When a magnetic torque loop of the perpendicular magnetic recording medium is measured with a torque magnetometer, the polarity of a value of loop components with translational symmetry of 90 degrees should be opposite to the polarity of a value of loop components with translational symmetry of 180 degrees.

Abstract: A technology is provided for timely reporting on vehicle positions to a control center without unnecessary spending on communication costs. The positions of a plurality of moving bodies which are being managed are detected. Determinations are made on whether or not the positions of these moving bodies are within specified multi-stage distance ranges. As a result of this determination, when the position of the moving body enters into a distance range for one of the stages, the position of this moving body is wirelessly reported to a control center.

Abstract: A laser exposure apparatus including a laser oscillator (1) for oscillating laser beam having a circular section, a beam expander (4) for enlarging the laser beam oscillated from the laser oscillator, a square mask (6) for shaping the laser beam having the circular section enlarged by the beam expander into a square section and an optical system for contracting the laser beam formed into the square section by the square mask. Even when a very small identification code is attached to a wafer, the identification code can be marked to improve reading recognizability of the identification code.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium includes an intermediate film formed of a plurality of layers between a soft magnetic film and a perpendicular magnetization film. The intermediate film includes at least two layers, i.e., an oxygen-containing layer, or a nonmetallic element-containing layer containing nitrogen, silicon or carbon, and a metallic layer formed on a surface side of the oxygen-containing layer or the nonmetallic element-containing layer. The metallic layer includes a plurality of isolated island-shaped structures. Crystal grains of the perpendicular magnetization film are formed so as to correspond to the isolated island-shaped structures. As a result, a high recording density is obtained.

Abstract: A crystalline biodegradable resin composition obtained by annealing a composition comprising an aliphatic polyester and a modified elastomer.

Abstract: A steel for forming a high strength steel sheet contains, in mass %, C: at most 0.04%, Si: at most 0.4%, Mn: 0.5-3.0%, P: at most 0.15%, S: at most 0.03%, Al: at most 0.50%, N: at most 0.01%, and Mo: 0.01-1.0%. Steel sheet formed from the steel is suitable for use as automotive panels.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium, which has a low level of recording noise and sufficiently large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy relative to demagnetizing field energy, includes a substrate and a multi-layered magnetic film. The multi-layered magnetic film is composed of ferromagnetic metal layers of Co alloy containing at least Cr and non-magnetic metal layers of Pd alloy, each one layer of which are laminated alternately on top of one layer of the other. The ferromagnetic metal layers and the non-magnetic metal layers have a thickness of d1 and d2, respectively, with the ratio of d1/d2 being in the range of 1.5 to 4.0. This specific layer structure reduces the magnetic exchange interaction between magnetic particles in the multi-layered magnetic film. Therefore, the perpendicular magnetic recording medium is stable against thermal disturbance and has a low level of recording noise.