Abstract: A toner image forming method is disclosed. In the method a photoreceptor having a shorter circumferene than length of a toner image to be transferred is used. The photoreceptor is exposed with an exposing light according to an image information to form a latent image and is processed with a step of removing residual toner particles on a non-image portion on the photoreceptor and developing a latent image on the photoreceptor with toner particles at a same time or successively to form the toner image. The toner particles have a specral characteristics which allows tho exposing light to pass through the toner particles. The method allows to provide a compact copying apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming machine has a charging roller on which magnetic particles are supplied to form a magnetic brush and an image forming body which is charged under the condition that the magnetic brush on the charging roller is in an alternating electric field. When the distance between a regulating member that regulates an amount of the magnetic particles passing through and the charging roller is defined to be DB and the distance between the image forming body and the charging roller is defined to be DI, an inequality of 0.7 DB.ltoreq.DI.ltoreq.1.0 DB is satisfied. More preferably, DB is in the relation of 0.2.ltoreq.DB.ltoreq.1.0 in mm.

Abstract: An image forming machine such as a copier or a printer for developing a latent image on a photoreceptor with toner. The image forming machine includes a sleeve for charging the photoreceptor; magnetic particles for forming a magnetic brush on a surface of the sleeve; a driver for driving the sleeve so that the magnetic brush is moved; and a power applying circuit for applying an alternating current between 20 and 500 .mu.A/cm on to a charging area between the sleeve and the photoreceptor; in which the sleeve is located in the vicinity of the photoreceptor so that the magnetic brush is in contact with the surface of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed which has a photosensitive layer comprising block a copolymer composed of a polymer block A comprising a polysilane and a polymer block B comprising a polymer of anionic polymerizable monomers; or a graft copolymer composed of the polymer block A and a polymer block C comprising another polymer as a positive hole transportation material. The photoreceptor is excellent in the mechanical strength, stable chargeability and photosensitivity.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for forming a toner image by reversal development. In the apparatus, there are provided an electric charger for uniformly charging a photoreceptor to a given electrostatic potential; the photoreceptor discharging in response to an exposure light to form an electrostatic latent image, the photoreceptor having a predetermined light decay curve indicating a relation between an amount of the exposure light and a discharged potential on the exposed portion wherein an absolute value of the differential coefficient of the light decay curve is small when the amount of the exposure light is small and the value sharply becomes large when the amount of the exposure light increases; a laser beam exposure device for exposing the photoreceptor with a dot-shaped light beam; and a developing device for providing toner onto the exposed portion of the latent image, thereby forming a toner image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoreceptor which comprises a charge generation layer composed of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of amorphous hydrogenated silicon, amorphous fluorinated silicon and amorphous hydrofluorinated silicon, a charge transport layer formed on a lower surface of said charge generation layer and composed of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride, amorphous fluorinated silicon nitride, amorphous hydrofluorinated silicon nitride, amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide, amorphous fluorinated silicon carbide and amorphous hydrofluorinated silicon carbide, and a substrate, wherein said charge transport layer contains oxygen within the range of from 50 atomic ppm to 5 atomic % based on the total atoms of silicon, nitrogen and carbon.

Abstract: There is disclosed a photoreceptor which comprises a brominated anthanthrone pigment represented by the structural formula shown below: ##STR1## contained in the photosensitive layer, the brominated anthanthrone pigment exhibiting a X-ray diffraction spectrum having the respective diffraction strengths S (18.4.degree.) and S (26.7.degree.) at 2.theta.=18.4.degree. and 26.7.degree. which satisfy the relationship of0.2.ltoreq.S (18.4.degree.) / S (26.7.degree.).ltoreq.1.0;or exhibiting a X-ray diffraction spectrum having the respective half-value widths of diffraction strength of .DELTA..theta.(18.4.degree.) and .DELTA..theta.(26.7.degree.) at 2.theta.=18.4.degree.and 26.7.degree. which satisfy the relationship of{.DELTA..theta.(18.4.degree.).ltoreq.0.8.degree.} and/or{.DELTA..theta.(26.7.degree.).ltoreq.1.degree.}.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer comprisingat least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, fluorinated amorphous silicon,a surface modifying layer formed on the upper surface of said photosensitive layer comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, fluorinated amorphous silicon carbide, hydrogenated and fluorinated amorphous silicon carbide, hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride, fluorinated amorphous silicon nitride, and hydrogenated and fluorinated silicon nitride,a charge transport layer formed on the lower surface of said photosensitive layer comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, fluorinated amorphous silicon carbide, and hydrogenated and fluorinated amorphous silicon carbide, the carbon content of said charge transport layer is within the range of 5 to 30 atomic % and said charge transp

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoreceptor for electrophotography comprised of a charge carrier generating material and charge transport material wherein one charge generating material is a metal phthalocyanine or a metal-free phthalocyanine. The layer containing the generator material also contains an organic amine.

Abstract: A carrier for developing electrostatic images is disclosed. The carrier comprises a core and a resin coating layer provided thereon. The coating layer comprises two kinds of polymer resin, one of them is a vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and the other one is a polymer containing, as a monomer component, an acrylate which has a group substituted with at least one fluorine atom. The carrier is improved in its durability and electrostatic properties. A high density images without fog are obtained when electrophotographic images are developed with the developer containing this carrier.

Abstract: A photosensitive member wherein a charge transporting layer, a charge generating layer, and a surface modifying layer are laminated on a retainer. The charge transporting layer is prepared from one selected from a group of a-SiC:H, a-SiC:F, a-SiC:H:F, a-SiN:H, a-SiN:F, and a-SiN:H:F, the charge generating layer is prepared from one selected from a group of a-Si:H, a-Si:F and a-Si:H:F; and the surface modifying layer is prepared from one selected from a group of a-SiC:H, a-SiC:F, a-SiC:H:F, a-SiN:H, a-SiN:F and a-SiN:H:F. The surface modifying layer contains 1.about.50 atomic % of oxygen, 100 atomic % in total of Si, C (or N) and 0 atoms.

Abstract: A photoreceptor comprising a support bearing thereon a charge transport layer comprising one selected from the group consisting of a--SiC:H, a--SiC:F and a--SiC:H:F, a charge generating layer comprising one selected from the group consisting of a--SiH, a--SiF and a SiH:F, an a--Si type surface modifying layer containing one selected from the group consisting of N, O and C, and an a--Si type interlayer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of N, O and C, the content of said at least one of N, O and C in said interlayer being less than in said surface modifying layer, said interlayer being interposed between said charge generating layer and said surface modifying layer.

Abstract: A process for producing a photoreceptor is disclosed. A gaseous compound of the constituent materials of the photoreceptor is decomposed by glow discharge in the presence of a metal, thereby forming a constituent layer containing atoms and or ions of the metal.

Abstract: A photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer and a support, wherein said photosensitive layer contains a polycarbonate compound binder selected from the group consisting of Formula A and B, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring, provided that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 has at least 3 carbon atoms, Z represents a group of atoms necessary to constitute a substituted or unsubstituted carbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring, R.sub.3 to R.sub.10 in Formulas A and B are independently hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring, and n is a number from 10 to 1000.

Abstract: A photoconductive screen includes a conductive screen substrate with many perforations therein, an insulating layer formed substantially on one side of the screen substrate, a biasing conductive layer substantially covering the insulating layer, and a photoconductive layer substantially covering the conductive layer. An image of electrostatic charges can be formed on the screen to control a flow of charged particles for formation of an electrostatic latent image in a chargeable layer under exposure to the flow of charged particles.

Abstract: A photoreceptor for positive charging is disclosed, said photoreceptor comprising a carrier generating material which is stable against both heat and light, has high carrier generating efficiency and provides good photoconductivity over a wide wavelength range and a specific carrier transport material combined in such a manner that the shape of surface potential curves remains essentially constant over a cyclic operation and contributes to the formation of a visible image of high quality in each cycle by reducing the "memory effect", minimizing the residual potential and extending the cycle life.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light-sensitive member for electrophotography, having a charge generating phase formed by coating a dispersion comprising a charge generating substance, which contains in said charge generating phase an amine in an amount of 20-fold moles or less per mole of said charge generating substance and the solvent. Also disclosed are useful methods for the preparation of such a light-sensitive member.

Abstract: A vapor source-holding container has an opening smaller than the evaporating area of the material held in the container and a wall portion in contact with the material and having an emissivity lower than the external surface of the wall portion not in contact with the material.

Abstract: An evaporation source designed so that two or more materials to be evaporated are heated to evaporate by respective heaters, as well as method of using such an evaporation source are disclosed. The evaporation source further includes means for detecting the temperature of the slowly evaporating material and means for controlling the heaters on the basis of the detected temperature. The method of using this evaporation source comprises controlling the temperature of the slowly evaporating material in order to control the temperature of the evaporation source in such a manner that the respective materials are simultaneously heated to evaporate and deposit a film on a substrate.

Abstract: A photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer and a support, wherein said photosensitive layer contains a polycarbonate compound binder selected from the group consisting of Formula A and B, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring, provided that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 has at least 3 carbon atoms, Z represents a group of atoms necessary to constitute a substituted or unsubstituted carbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocylic ring, R.sub.3 to R.sub.10 in Formulas A and B are independently hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring, and n is a number from 10 to 1000.