Abstract: A particle separation chip that separates particles contained in a specimen based on particle size may include a substrate comprising a micro flow path inside of the substrate; and a perforated sheet comprising holes. The micro flow path includes: a main flow path including an inlet arranged at upstream side, into which a specimen comprising a first particle, and a second particle that is smaller than the first particle is supplied; and a first outlet arranged at downstream side, from which a specimen comprising the first particle is discharged; and a branch flow path connected to the main flow path at branches along a flow direction of the main flow path, including a second outlet from which a specimen comprising the second particle is discharged at the downstream side. The main flow path and the branch flow path are connected via the holes of the perforated sheet at the branches.

Abstract: A differencing generator generates difference data between a first data set and a second data set. An encryption unit encrypts data. An electronic signature generator generates the electronic signature of data. A transmission data generator generates transmission data. The encryption unit encrypts the difference data generated by the differencing generator so as to generate encrypted difference data. The transmission data generator generates transmission data containing both the encrypted difference data generated by the encryption unit and the electronic signature of the second data set as generated by the electronic signature generator.

Abstract: A differencing generator generates difference data between a first data set and a second data set. An encryption unit encrypts data. An electronic signature generator generates the electronic signature of data. A transmission data generator generates transmission data. The encryption unit encrypts the difference data generated by the differencing generator so as to generate encrypted difference data. The transmission data generator generates transmission data containing both the encrypted difference data generated by the encryption unit and the electronic signature of the second data set as generated by the electronic signature generator.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus include: providing a computer having a program execution module for carrying out a process according to a program; providing an execution control module, connected to the program execution module; carrying out mutual authentication, within the execution control module, with respect to the program execution module; carrying out a process for authentication relative to an object program for execution by the program execution module; and preventing the program execution module from executing the object program until the object program is successfully authenticated.

Abstract: A device control apparatus, comprising a processor for storing first key information, a memory section for storing encrypted second key information which is obtained by encrypting second key information such that the second key information is able to be restored through decryption using the first key information, and an interface section for carrying out authentication using the second key information when an access instruction requiring access to a device is given by the processor, and for controlling the access to the device based on the access instruction when the authentication is established.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus include: providing a computer having a program execution module for carrying out a process according to a program; providing an execution control module, connected to the program execution module; carrying out mutual authentication, within the execution control module, with respect to the program execution module; carrying out a process for authentication relative to an object program for execution by the program execution module; and preventing the program execution module from executing the object program until the object program is successfully authenticated.

Abstract: A device control apparatus, comprising a processor for storing first key information, a memory section for storing encrypted second key information which is obtained by encrypting second key information such that the second key information is able to be restored through decryption using the first key information, and an interface section for carrying out authentication using the second key information when an access instruction requiring access to a device is given by the processor, and for controlling the access to the device based on the access instruction when the authentication is established.