Abstract: A network device (2000) handles plural physical ports (3000) as a single logical port (4000) by link aggregation. A reception unit (2020) receives a frame. An allocation information storage unit (2040) stores allocation information. A line determination unit (2060) obtains a physical port ID from the allocation information indicating the key information corresponding to the key information relating to the received frame, our of the allocation information stored in the allocation information storage unit (2040). A transmission unit (2080) transmits the frame using the physical port (3000) identified by the physical port ID obtained by the line determination unit (2060).

Abstract: There is provide an optical fiber end processing method, for processing an end portion of an optical fiber having a core and a clad surrounding the core, comprising: fixing two places of the optical fiber; firstly heating a part at a tip end side of the optical fiber between fixed parts fixed at two places, thereby melting the optical fiber at the heated part at the tip end side; secondly heating a part at a base end side of the optical fiber between the fixed parts away from the heated part at the tip end side in a state that the optical fiber is fixed at two places, thereby forming an expanded core region which is formed by expanding a diameter of the core by diffusing the dopant included in the optical fiber; and removing at least the heated part at the tip end side.

Abstract: There is provide an optical fiber end processing method, for processing an end portion of an optical fiber having a core and a clad surrounding the core, comprising: fixing two places of the optical fiber; firstly heating a part at a tip end side of the optical fiber between fixed parts fixed at two places, thereby melting the optical fiber at the heated part at the tip end side; secondly heating a part at a base end side of the optical fiber between the fixed parts away from the heated part at the tip end side in a state that the optical fiber is fixed at two places, thereby forming an expanded core region which is formed by expanding a diameter of the core by diffusing the dopant included in the optical fiber; and removing at least the heated part at the tip end side.

Abstract: There is provide an optical fiber end processing method, for processing an end portion of an optical fiber having a core and a clad surrounding the core, comprising: fixing two places of the optical fiber; firstly heating a part at a tip end side of the optical fiber between fixed parts fixed at two places, thereby melting the optical fiber at the heated part at the tip end side; secondly heating a part at a base end side of the optical fiber between the fixed parts away from the heated part at the tip end side in a state that the optical fiber is fixed at two places, thereby forming an expanded core region which is formed by expanding a diameter of the core by diffusing the dopant included in the optical fiber; and removing at least the heated part at the tip end side.

Abstract: A hologram scale having a base substrate, a hologram film with a diffraction grating of a desired pitch exposed thereon, adhered to the base substrate, and with a protective substrate to protect the hologram film is manufactured by the following method: a hologram of a laser produced diffraction grating is formed on a holographic film to act as a scale. This film is applied on a central portion of a base substrate. Adhesives having moisture resistance are applied between the base and the protective substrates to essentially surround the hologram film positioned on the base substrate. The protective and the base substrates are sealed integrally by the adhesives, securing the hologram film therein so as to protect it from ambient environmental conditions.

Abstract: A scaling device employs a first, outer cylinder, a longitudinal scale having detectable indicia thereon, and a second cylinder of lesser diameter than the first cylinder but of greater diameter than the radial extent of the scale. The cylinders and the longitudinal scale are disposed coaxially, with the scale affixed at one end thereof to an end cover plate in one end of the first cylinder. The second cylinder is journalled in a bearing in an end cover plate in the other end of the first cylinder for axial movement relative to the first cylinder over the longitudinal scale. A scale detector element is disposed at one end of the second cylinder to detect indicia on the scale and to generate scale signals in response to longitudinal relative displacement of the first and second cylinders. A third cylinder affixed to and disposed within the second cylinder defines an annulus between the second and third cylinders through which leads from the detector element can extend.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor for sensing the proximity of a magnetically permeable member, the sensor and member being relatively movable with respect to each other and having an axis of movement disposed within a fixed plane. The magnetic sensor includes two coplanar magnetoresistive elements, each element having a main current conducting path and possessing anisotropic resistance as a function of the direction of a resultant magnetic field applied thereto. The two magnetoresistive elements are connected in series, and a d.c. current is supplied to the series-connected elements. First and second saturating bias magnetic fields are supplied, as by a bias magnet, to respective ones of the magnetoresistive elements at the same angle .theta..sub.o to each of the respective main current conducting paths in the absence of the magnetically permeable member. The angle at which each bias field is supplied is changed by substantially equal and opposite small deviation angles .+-..DELTA..theta.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive displacement sensing transducer employs a plurality of sensing elements consisting of magnetically biased magnetoresistive stripes. Each sensing element is operative to produce a signal in response to linear or rotational displacement with respect to a magnetic grating. The phases of the signals from the plurality of sensing elements are relatively displaced to permit determining direction of displacement and to increase accuracy through interpolation. A signal processing circuit uses the signals from the sensing elements and optionally their sums and differences to drive a reversible counter which is thereby updated to retain a value corresponding to the position of the transducer or the magnetic grating.

Abstract: A length measuring device has a magnetic scale body including at least one origin signal magnetic section and a measurement signal magnetic section forming a magnetic grating, the magnetic scale body having a uniform frictional surface formed over the entire effective length of the scale body, and a detecting head body including an origin detecting head for detecting an origin signal and a measurement detecting head for detecting a measurement signal and provided with a scraper in elastic contact with the frictional surface of the magnetic scale body, the detecting head body moving relative to the magnetic scale of the body along the length of the latter.

Abstract: The magnetic field sensing apparatus includes first and second magnetoresistive elements having respective angularly disposed current path portions through which a bias current flows and to which a bias magnetic field is supplied. An external magnetic signal field is supplied from a magnetic source, and the magnetoresistive elements are relatively displaceable with respect to this source. The bias field is supplied at an angle of approximately 45.degree. with respect to the direction in which the bias current flows in each current path; and the source of external magnetic field generates a signal field whose polarity gradually decreases and then changes over to an opposite polarity at a boundary region. This change in the signal field is sensed by the magnetic sensor as it is relatively displaced, thereby producing an output signal that varies substantially linearly with this displacement over a predetermined range on both sides of the boundary region.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor device utilizes the principle that the resistance of anisotropic magnetoresistive material is different in the case where the direction of current flowing in the material and the direction of a saturating magnetic field are parallel from the case where the direction of current and the direction of the saturating magnetic field are perpendicular to each other. The sensor device may be used to sense displacement and includes a ferromagnetic magnetoresistive element having at least one current path portion, a source applying electric current to each current path portion, and a magnetic field source producing first and second magnetic fields, occurring in first and second regions, and lying in first and second different mutually intersecting directions, respectively, with respect to the current path portion.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for sensing an external magnetic field. This apparatus is comprised of first and second coplanar magnetoresistive elements, each magnetoresistive element having a main current conducting path and also having anisotropic resistance as a function of the direction of the resultant magnetic field applied thereto. First and second equal bias magnetic fields are supplied to the first and second magnetoresistive elements, respectively, these bias magnetic fields being supplied at different angles with respect to their associated magnetoresistive elements. In one embodiment, the current conducting paths of the magnetoresistive elements are perpendicular to each other, and the respective bias magnetic fields extend in opposite directions, these directions being parallel to one of the main current conducting paths.

Abstract: A liquid containing abrasives is projected through nozzles under high pressure upon the surface of an object to be treated such as sheet steel to descale and clean the surface thereof, and the projected abrasive liquid is recovered so that abrasives of suitable particle sizes may be reused. The jet liquid is a mixture of high pressure liquid and slurry abrasives which are substantially uniform in density and granular size. The mixed slurry after projection against the sheet steel workpiece is returned to a vertical style classifier before it settles to the bottom of the collecting tank. The scales which are removed from the sheet steel workpiece are separated out in the classifier while at the same time the density and the granular sizes of the abrasives are made uniform. In addition, the minuscule abrasives are caused to overflow from the classifier while the liquid and the slurry abrasives made uniform in density and granular size are conveyed to the nozzles.