Abstract: In an adjustment step, an adjustment purpose toner image is formed on an intermediate transfer belt, and the adjustment purpose toner image is removed from the intermediate transfer belt by a cleaning member contacting the intermediate transfer belt and through an electrostatic cleaning step. This adjustment step is executed in a state where a toner attachment amount on a charging member is switched from a first limit value, which is allowed in the image forming step to a second limit value, which is allowed immediately before executing the adjustment step. This switching is performed by the execution of a toner discharging step, where a power supply changes the state of applying voltage to the charging member from that in the electrostatic cleaning step, so that toner attached to the charging member is transferred to the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: A wireless communication system including a transmitting and receiving device that performs communications with the transmitting device, using a radio frame containing control information and data, wherein the transmitting device includes: a first generating unit that generates first control information able to be estimated by the receiving device; a second generating unit that generates second control information used for control of communication from the receiving device to the transmitting device and unable to be estimated by the receiving device; a multiplexing unit that multiplexes the control and data information so that the first control information is allocated in the control information and the second control information is allocated in the data in the radio frame; a transmitting unit a signal multiplexed by the multiplexing unit; the receiving device includes a receiving unit that receives the signal wherein the second control information is allocated in the data from the transmitting device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a controller for forming an adjustment toner image in a region corresponding to between a first region corresponding to a preceding sheet and a second region corresponding to a subsequent sheet, wherein the controller selectively executes a first mode for setting as a first length a gap between the adjustment image and a trailing edge of the first region and for setting as a second length a gap between the adjustment toner image and a leading end of the second region, or a second mode for setting as a third length a gap between the adjustment toner image and the trailing edge of the first region and for setting as a fourth length a gap between the adjustment image and the leading end of the second region. The third is shorter than the first, and the fourth length is longer than the first length.

Abstract: A wireless communication system including a base station and a plurality of terminals, the wireless communication system uses a frame including a plurality of sub-frames, the sub-frames including a plurality of data symbols and guard intervals between the data symbols, each sub-frame being transmitted every frame period, and a different guard interval length being available for each sub-frame; configured to insert a guard interval of a fixed length between each of the data symbols in a specified sub-frame of the frame; a placement information determination section configured to determine placement information pertaining to a placement of a sub-frame to which guard intervals different in length from the guard interval of the fixed length are to be applied; and configured to multiplex the placement information determined by the placement information determination section into a transmission; wherein the plurality of terminals is notified of information containing the placement information.

Abstract: A control device includes a calculating unit and a specifying unit. The calculating unit calculates an estimated interference area of a base station to be installed for a secondary system, based on an installation scheduled position of the base station to be installed, an installation position of a reference base station of the secondary system, and an actually-measured interference area of the reference base station. The specifying unit specifies a channel of a primary system for which a used area does not overlap with the calculated estimated interference area.

Abstract: A wireless transmission method capable of transmitting a data stream by a wireless transmitter having a plurality of transmitting antennas, the wireless transmission method includes at the wireless transmitter, changing the number of candidates of selectable transmission beams to be formed for transmitting the data stream according to the number of transmission data streams, said transmission beams are formed by predetermined number of the plurality of transmitting antennas.

Abstract: According to a method of generating a key of the present invention, a first device and a second device are first brought into contact with one vibrator. In this state, the vibrator generates vibration. A first acceleration sensor provided in the first device and a second acceleration sensor provided in the second device detect the vibration. Subsequently, the first device notifies the second device of a first feature value based upon the detection result of the first acceleration sensor. The second device notifies the first device of a second feature value based upon the detection result of the second acceleration sensor. Then the first device compares the notified second feature value with the first feature value and generates a key based upon the comparison result. The second device compares the notified first feature value with the second feature value and generates a key based upon the comparison result.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member for bearing a toner image; a movable intermediary transfer member onto which the toner image is to be transferred from the image bearing member; and a cleaning member, contacting a surface of the intermediary transfer member, for scraping off a toner from the surface of the intermediary transfer member which moves. At the surface of the intermediary transfer member, a plurality of grooves are formed along a surface movement direction of the intermediary transfer member. The surface of the intermediary transfer member has an average in-plane roughness of 10 nm or more and 30 nm or less in an area of a square of an average particle size of the toner.

Abstract: An oscillatory wave drive unit includes at least one vibrator having an electromechanical energy converting element, and at least one supporting member configured to support the at least one vibrator. The oscillatory wave drive unit excites oscillation in the at least one vibrator and moves a moving body in contact with the at least one vibrator by frictional force. The oscillatory wave drive unit includes at least one moving mechanism configured to support the at least one vibrator movably in a plane parallel to the plane where the at least one vibrator and the moving body are in contact with each other, in a second direction intersecting with a first direction in which the at least one vibrator drives the moving body.

Abstract: According to a method of generating a key of the present invention, a first device and a second device are first brought into contact with one vibrator. In this state, the vibrator generates vibration. A first acceleration sensor provided in the first device and a second acceleration sensor provided in the second device detect the vibration. Subsequently, the first device notifies the second device of a first feature value based upon the detection result of the first acceleration sensor. The second device notifies the first device of a second feature value based upon the detection result of the second acceleration sensor. Then the first device compares the notified second feature value with the first feature value and generates a key based upon the comparison result. The second device compares the notified first feature value with the second feature value and generates a key based upon the comparison result.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus in which an image forming speed is changed in a state where toner is provided between a photosensitive drum and an intermediate transfer member. Therefore, even if a speed difference between the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer member is generated, a drive torque can be suppressed, and deterioration caused by abrasion of the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer member can be reduced.

Abstract: A cleaning composition for removing plasma etching residue and/or ashing residue formed above a semiconductor substrate is provided that includes (component a) water, (component b) a hydroxylamine and/or a salt thereof, (component c) a basic organic compound, and (component d) an organic acid and has a pH of 7 to 9. There are also provided a cleaning process and a process for producing semiconductor device employing the cleaning composition.

Abstract: A first lens surface includes a first optically effective surface, and a convexly first engagement portion which protrudes toward a second lens side from an optical extended surface formed with the same curvature as the first optically effective surface as a position substantially corresponding to an outer edge of the first optically effective surface. A second lens surface includes a second optically effective surface larger in diameter than the first optically effective surface, and a convexly second engagement portion, which is provided outside the second optically effective surface, which protrudes toward a first lens side, which is engaged with the first engagement portion, which positions the first lens and the second lens.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a pilot addition decision portion for deciding whether to add pilot symbols which are separate from the basic pilot symbols, to frames; a control symbol generation portion for generating control symbols including information related to additional pilot symbols; a frame assembly portion for assembling frames to which pilot symbols are added according to pilot addition decision; a transmission portion for transmitting the frames; and the reception device includes a control symbol demodulation portion for demodulating control symbols included in the received frames, and judges whether or not additional pilot symbols are included in the received frames based on the control symbol information; a data symbol demodulation portion for demodulating data symbols based on a propagation path estimation value which is estimated using the additional pilot symbols or using the additional and basic pilot symbols when the additional pilot symbols are included in the received frame.

Abstract: A method used by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method includes: receiving a control channel transmitted from a base station with use of a control channel format selected from among a plurality of control channel formats, each including modulation scheme information, according to whether Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission is applied or not, and wherein a number of bits indicating a modulation scheme included in a control channel format to be selected when the MIMO transmission is applied is greater than that included in a control channel format to be selected when the MIMO transmission is not applied.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a removal unit configured to remove developer that was not transferred to a recording material; and a control unit configured to control an image forming unit for supplying developer to the removal unit. The image forming unit is configured to form first developer image, and second developer image whose length in the sub-scanning direction is longer than that of the first developer image, and whose amount of developer per unit area is less than or equal to that of the first developer image, and the control unit is further configured to, based on a predetermined relationship between the recording material type and the supplying image, select a supplying image formed by the image forming unit before or after the developer image transferred to the recording material.

Abstract: A cleaning composition for removing plasma etching residue and/or ashing residue formed above a semiconductor substrate is provided that includes (component a) water, (component b) a hydroxylamine and/or a salt thereof, (component c) a basic organic compound, and (component d) an organic acid and has a pH of 7 to 9. There are also provided a cleaning process and a process for producing semiconductor device employing the cleaning composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrodesulfurization catalyst that exhibits a high desulfurization activity when used in hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon oil, in particular straight-run gas oil. The catalyst includes at least one type of metal component selected from Groups VIA and VIII in the periodic table, supported on a silica-titania-alumina support where the total of the diffraction peak area indicating the crystal structure of anatase titania (101) planes and the diffraction peak area indicating the crystal structure of rutile titania (110) planes is ¼ or less of the diffraction peak area indicating the aluminum crystal structure ascribed to ?-alumina (400) planes, as measured by X-ray diffraction analysis. The catalyst has (a) a specific surface area (SA) of 150 m2/g or greater, (b) a total pore volume (PVo) of 0.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member for bearing a toner image; a movable intermediary transfer member onto which the toner image is to be transferred from the image bearing member; and a cleaning member, contacting a surface of the intermediary transfer member, for scraping off a toner from the surface of the intermediary transfer member which moves. At the surface of the intermediary transfer member, a plurality of grooves are formed along a surface movement direction of the intermediary transfer member. The surface of the intermediary transfer member has an average in-plane roughness of 10 nm or more and 30 nm or less in an area of a square of an average particle size of the toner.

Abstract: A hydrodesulfurization catalyst is produced by pre-sulfurizing a hydrodesulfurization catalyst Y including a support containing silica, alumina and titania and at least one metal component supported thereon and selected from VIA and VIII groups of the periodic table (comprising at least Mo), in which the total area of the diffraction peak area indicating the crystal structure of anatase titania (101) planes and the diffraction peak area indicating the crystal structure of rutile titania (110) planes in the support, measured by X-ray diffraction analysis being ¼ or less of the alumina diffraction peak area assigned to ?-alumina (400) planes. The molybdenum is formed into molybdenum disulfide crystal disposed in layers on the support by the pre-sulfurization, and having an average length of longer than 3.5 nm and 7 nm or shorter in the plane direction and an average number of laminated layers of more than 1.0 and 1.9 or fewer.