Abstract: A solar cell includes a light-receiving surface electrode formed on a light-receiving surface, a back surface electrode formed on a backside, and a CZ silicon single crystal substrate doped with gallium. The CZ silicon single crystal substrate contains 12 ppm or more oxygen atoms. A spiral oxygen-induced defect is not observed in an EL (electroluminescence) image of the solar cell.

Abstract: An electrode for a vacuum circuit breaker comprises a cylindrical conducting body, a contact electrode as a combination electrode, and a plurality of slits provided on a surface area of the cylindrical conducting body, the slits being inclined with respect to an axial direction of the cylindrical conducting body, wherein an angle between the slits and the axial direction of the cylindrical conducting body is smaller as the slit becomes farther away from the contact electrode.

Abstract: An object is to obtain a vacuum switch that can achieve higher insulation properties to improve reliability. In a vacuum switch for interrupting a single-phase alternating current, three vacuum valves (VI) for a three-phase alternating current are coupled together in series. Specifically, the three vacuum valves for a three-phase alternating current are coupled together in such a manner that the current flows through adjacent vacuum valves in the same direction or in such a manner that the current flows through adjacent vacuum valves in different directions.

Abstract: An electrode for a vacuum circuit breaker comprises a cylindrical conducting body, a contact electrode as a combination electrode, and a plurality of slits provided on a surface area of the cylindrical conducting body, the slits being inclined with respect to an axial direction of the cylindrical conducting body, wherein an angle between the slits and the axial direction of the cylindrical conducting body is smaller as the slit becomes farther away from the contact electrode.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an indomethacin external preparation that has an excellent use feeling and excellent absorbability and causes no phase separation into an oil layer and an aqueous layer, thus exhibiting satisfactory stability of preparation with time. Provided is an indomethacin external preparation containing: 0.1 to 3 wt % of indomethacin; 25 to 50 wt % of alcohol; 0.01 to 5 wt % of gelling agent; 5 to 30 wt % of oil component; 20 to 50 wt % of water; and 0.01 to 10 wt % of one or more components selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monostearate, sorbitan monostearate, stearyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol monostearate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an indomethacin external preparation that has an excellent use feeling and excellent absorbability and causes no phase separation into an oil layer and an aqueous layer, thus exhibiting satisfactory stability of preparation with time. Provided is an indomethacin external preparation containing: 0.1 to 3 wt % of indomethacin; 25 to 50 wt % of alcohol; 0.01 to 5 wt % of gelling agent; 5 to 30 wt % of oil component; 20 to 50 wt % of water; and 0.01 to 10 wt % of one or more components selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monostearate, sorbitan monostearate, stearyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol monostearate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gastric and/or duodenal adhesive pharmaceutical composition obtained by coating a composition, which comprises a medicament acting at the stomach and/or duodenum and one or more of ingredients selected from water insoluble polymers, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, lipids and waxes, with a polymer having adhesive capacity onto the surface of the mucosa of a digestive tract under acid conditions and separates from the mucosa of the digestive tract in neutral or alkaline conditions. This composition adheres only to the mucosa of the stomach and/or duodenum and releases the medicament over long hours so that sufficient effects are available by a small amount of the medicament.

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably mountable to an image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; process device actable on the image bearing member; a first frame containing the image bearing member and the process device; and a second frame engageable with and disengageable from the first frame and containing a developer container.

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably mountable within an image forming system, includes an image bearing member, a process device for processing the image bearing member, a housing for supporting the image bearing member and the process device, and a cover shiftable between a protecting position where the image bearing member is protected and a retard position where the cover is retarded from the protecting position. The cover is spaced apart between 20-50 mm from the housing at least in the retard position. An image forming system includes mounting equipment for mounting such a process cartridge, an airflow generator for generating an airflow passing through between the housing and the cover, a transfer mechanism for transferring a developed image formed on the image bearing member onto a recording medium, and a conveying mechanism for conveying the recording medium.

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably mountable within an image forming system, including an image bearing member, a processing device for acting on the image bearing member, a housing for supporting the image bearing member and the processing device, and a cover shiftable between a protecting position where the image bearing member is protected and a retard position where the cover is retarded from the protecting position. The cover is spaced apart from the housing at least in the retard position and contacts a housing guide member. An image forming system includes a mounting device for mounting such a process cartridge, an air flow generating device for generating an air flow passing between the housing guide member and the cover, a transfer device for transferring a developed image formed on the image bearing member onto a recording medium, and a conveying device for conveying the recording medium.

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus, the cartridge comprising a photosensitive member, a developing means for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, a first frame containing the developing means; and a second frame coupled with the first frame, the second frame including a developer containing portion for containing a developer to be supplied to the developing means to develop the latent image, wherein the second frame is a selected one of plural secondary frames engageable with the first frame and having different developer containing capacities.

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus, the cartridge comprising a photosensitive member, a developing means for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, a first frame containing the developing means; and a second frame coupled with the first frame, the second frame including a developer containing portion for containing a developer to be supplied to the developing means to develop the latent image, wherein the second frame is a selected one of plural secondary frames engageable with the first frame and having different developer containing capacities.

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably mountable within an image forming system, includes an image bearing member, a processing device for acting on the image bearing member, a housing for supporting the image bearing member and the processing device, and a cover shiftable between a closed position where the image bearing member is protected and an open position where the cover is retracted from the protecting position. The cover is spaced apart from the housing at least in the retracted position and is provided with a protruded portion at its inner surface. An image forming system includes a mounting device for mounting a process cartridge, an air flow generating device for generating an air flow passing between the protruded portion and the cover, a transfer device for transferring a developed image formed on the image bearing member onto a recording medium, and a conveying device for conveying a recording medium.

Abstract: An image bearing member, process device acting on the image bearing member, a first frame, a second frame lockable and separable with respect to the first frame, a locking body and a locking member lockable to the locking body, provided to separably interlock the first and second frames, and a recessed portion and a projection fittable into the recessed portion which are provided to separably interlock the first and second frames. With above construction it is possible to provide a process cartridge, an image forming system, and a method for assembling a cleaning device, which can be easily assembled and can sufficiently cope a large when the number of re-cycles.

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus, the cartridge comprising a photosensitive member, a developing means for developing a latent image formed on the photosensitive member, a first frame containing the developing means; and a second frame coupled with the first frame, the second frame including a developer containing portion for containing a developer to be supplied to the developing means to develop the latent image, wherein the second frame is a selected one of plural secondary frames engageable with the first frame and having different developer containing capacities.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes a first frame in which a toner containing unit for containing toner used for a developing operation and a charger unit are mounted, and a second frame which can be engaged by and disengaged from the first frame, and in which an image bearing member, a developing unit and cleaning unit are mounted. With this arrangement, the assembling ability and disassembling ability are improved remarkably, and the process cartridge is suitable for the re-cycling to contribute to the protection of the earth-environment.

Abstract: A process cartridge mountable within an image forming apparatus, the process cartridge including (a) a frame, (b) an image bearing member provided in the frame, and (c) a blade member including an elastic blade, and a support member for supporting the elastic blade and having a supporting portion for supporting the elastic blade, a protruded portion protruding from the supporting portion in a longitudinal direction, and a hole formed in the protruded portion.

Abstract: A blade member, mountable onto an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, such as copier, printer, facsimile, word processor, and the like, for removing residual matter from an electrophotographic photosensitive member, includes an elastic blade one side surface of which is flat in a longitudinal direction thereof and the other side surface of which has a vertical portion perpendicular to an end surface of the elastic blade, and an inclined portion inclined with respect to the vertical portion, the inclined portion having a larger thickness than the vertical portion, and a support member for supporting the elastic blade. A thickness (f) of a portion of the elastic blade, which is engaged by the support member at a side of the one side surface, is greater than a thickness (g) of a portion of the elastic blade which is engaged by the support member at a side of the other side surface.

Abstract: A cleaning device for cleaning the surface of an image carrier has a cleaning member for removing residual developer from the surface of the image carrier, a developer receiving reservoir for receiving the developer removed by the cleaning means, and at least one partition member partitioning the space inside the receiving reservoir and arranged such that the end of the partition member facing the image carrier is constructed to suppress accumulation of the developer thereon. With this cleaning device, it is possible to reduce the likehood of any cleaning failure and, hence, to improve the quality of the image.