Abstract: A developing apparatus includes an electrostatic latent image bearer, a developing sleeve, a case, and an air filter. The case accommodates a two-component developer and the developing sleeve. The air filter is attached to the case. The air filter has a thickness of 2 to 20 mm and has a density gradient with a pressure loss of 2 to 40 Pa at a wind speed of 10 cm/s. The air filter forms an airflow sucked into the case from a gap between the developing sleeve and the case and forms an airflow discharged from the case through the air filter. The two-component developer accommodated in the case contains a magnetic particle a surface of which is coated with a resin layer. The resin layer contains at least one type of chargeable particle.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes, in the fuel gas system, a first fuel supplier of an external valve opening type, an inner valve opening type second fuel supplier, and a fuel gas supply pressure sensor, and when the fuel gas supply pressure is excessive, the fuel cell is operated by the first fuel supplier, and when the fuel gas supply pressure is normal, the fuel cell is operated by using the first fuel supplier and the second fuel supplier in combination.

Abstract: In a fuel gas system, a fuel supplier controllable at an intermediate opening degree and a pressure sensor at an inlet of a fuel cell are provided. A fuel cell system, comprising: a current quick cut-off circuit; and a drive circuit of the fuel supplier for switching the current quick cut circuit to the current quick cut circuit when it is highly likely that a failure is determined.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell that generates electricity by causing reaction of a fuel component contained in fuel gas, a supply path, a control valve, an ejector, a return path, and a controller. The control valve is provided on the supply path. The ejector is provided in a section on the supply path between the control valve and the fuel cell. The return path is connected between an exhaust port of the fuel cell and the ejector, and returns off-gas discharged from the exhaust port to the supply path by suction force generated by the ejector. The controller selectively executes a normal operation and a particular operation. In the particular operation, the control valve is continuously or intermittently opened to a second opening degree smaller than a first opening degree, when the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel cell at a first supply amount.

Abstract: The fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell; an anode supply pipe; a fuel gas supplier disposed at the anode supply pipe, the fuel gas supplier configured to adjust a supply quantity of a fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell; an ejector disposed at the anode supply pipe at a position between the fuel gas supplier and the anode supply port; an anode circulation pipe connected to the anode discharge port and the ejector; a circulation stop unit disposed at the anode circulation pipe, the circulation stop unit configured to stop circulation of the fuel gas through the anode circulation pipe; a pressure sensor configured to detect a pressure in the anode supply pipe at a position between the ejector and the anode supply port; and a controller.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell that generates electricity by causing reaction of a fuel component contained in fuel gas, a supply path, a control valve, an ejector, a return path, and a controller. The control valve is provided on the supply path. The ejector is provided in a section on the supply path between the control valve and the fuel cell. The return path is connected between an exhaust port of the fuel cell and the ejector, and returns off-gas discharged from the exhaust port to the supply path by suction force generated by the ejector. The controller selectively executes a normal operation and a particular operation. In the particular operation, the control valve is continuously or intermittently opened to a second opening degree smaller than a first opening degree, when the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel cell at a first supply amount.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes: a fuel gas supply flow path for supplying fuel gas from a fuel gas supply source to a fuel cell; a fuel gas circulation flow path for circulating fuel off-gas to the fuel gas supply flow path; a turbopump disposed in the fuel gas circulation flow path and configured to pressurize and feed the fuel off-gas to the fuel gas supply flow path by rotating in a first rotational direction; an ejector disposed in the fuel gas supply flow path and configured to merge the fuel gas and the fuel off-gas pressurized and fed by the turbopump and to supply merged gas to the fuel cell; and a controller configured to control rotation of the turbopump. The controller rotates the turbopump in a second rotational direction in the case of increasing a pressure in the fuel cell to a predetermined pressure using the fuel gas.

Abstract: The fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell; an anode supply pipe; a fuel gas supplier disposed at the anode supply pipe, the fuel gas supplier configured to adjust a supply quantity of a fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell; an ejector disposed at the anode supply pipe at a position between the fuel gas supplier and the anode supply port; an anode circulation pipe connected to the anode discharge port and the ejector; a circulation stop unit disposed at the anode circulation pipe, the circulation stop unit configured to stop circulation of the fuel gas through the anode circulation pipe; a pressure sensor configured to detect a pressure in the anode supply pipe at a position between the ejector and the anode supply port; and a controller.

Abstract: An engine system is constituted of a battery, a fuel cell, a turbocharger, an engine, a controller configured to (i) stop the engine automatically upon fulfillment of a predetermined stop condition and starts the engine automatically upon fulfillment of a predetermined restoration condition. In the engine system, the controller is configured to stop the fuel cell from charging the battery or limit a charge amount of the battery to a value equal to or smaller than a discharge amount when the fuel cell is driven during operation of the engine and an SOC is equal to or larger than a first limit value W1. The controller is configured not to limit the charge amount when the internal combustion engine control unit stops the engine and the fuel cell is driven during stop of the engine.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides an internal combustion engine (10) including: a system (84) that automatically stops the internal combustion engine (10) when a predetermined stopping condition is established and automatically restarts the internal combustion engine when a predetermined restarting condition is established thereafter; a turbocharger (24) including a compressor (28) provided in an intake passage (16) and a turbine (26) provided in an exhaust passage (18); and a power generation device (40) including a power generation main body portion (42) to which an air introduction passage (44), which is connected to the intake passage to be capable of introducing air that passes through the compressor, and a gas discharge passage (50), which is connected to the exhaust passage to be capable of supplying gas to the turbine, are connected. The power generation device (40) is configured to operate at least when the internal combustion engine is stopped by the system (84).

Abstract: A supercharging system comprising a pressure wave supercharger which supercharges an internal combustion engine by increasing a pressure of gas in a cell using a pressure wave of exhaust gas and discharging from an intake gas outlet port to an intake gas passage the gas pressurized further comprises a first motor which rotates a rotor, and a valve plate and a second motor capable of changing a position of the intake gas outlet port with respect to an exhaust gas inlet port. The motors are controlled so as to change a rotation number of the rotor and the position of the intake gas outlet port with respect to the exhaust gas inlet port based on a quantity of flow of exhaust gas to be recirculated to the intake gas passage.

Abstract: A supercharging system for an internal combustion engine comprising a turbocharger including a compressor and a turbine, and a pressure wave supercharger performing supercharging of the internal combustion engine by increasing a pressure of gas led into each of cells from an intake gas inlet port using a pressure wave of exhaust gas led into the cell from an exhaust gas inlet port and discharging from an intake gas outlet port to an intake passage the gas pressurized, wherein a case of the pressure wave supercharger is connected to the intake passage upstream of the compressor via the intake gas inlet port, and is connected to the intake passage downstream of the compressor via the intake gas outlet port, and is connected to an exhaust passage downstream of the turbine via the exhaust gas inlet port and an exhaust gas outlet port.

Abstract: A safe additive that increases the feeling effects from a hair cosmetic is provided at low costs. The additive that increases the feeling effects has less stickiness, can be easily and uniformly mixed with hair cosmetics, and can provide feelings, effects and advantages that are similar to those of sterol wax and lanolins including lanolin itself, liquid lanolin, and hard lanolin. The additive that increases the feeling effects contains a composition (I) prepared by distillation, fatty acid esterification, decoloring, and deodorization of a by-product obtained when tocopherol is extracted, separated and purified from a vegetable oil deodorized distillate.

Abstract: A safe additive that increases the feeling effects from a hair cosmetic is provided at low costs. The additive that increases the feeling effects has less stickiness, can be easily and uniformly mixed with hair cosmetics, and can provide feelings, effects and advantages that are similar to those of sterol wax and lanolins including lanolin itself, liquid lanolin, and hard lanolin. The additive that increases the feeling effects contains a composition (I) prepared by distillation, fatty acid esterification, decoloring, and deodorization of a by-product obtained when tocopherol is extracted, separated and purified from a vegetable oil deodorized distillate.

Abstract: A hepatic disorder suppressant comprising extracts having hepatic disorder suppressing effect as effective ingredients, wherein the extracts is obtained by extracting an avocado plant and/or a processed product thereof with an organic solvent is disclosed.

Abstract: A hepatic disorder suppressant comprising extracts having hepatic disorder suppressing effect as effective ingredients, wherein the extracts is obtained by extracting an avocado plant and/or a processed product thereof with an organic solvent is disclosed.

Abstract: A hepatic disorder suppressant comprising extracts having hepatic disorder suppressing effect as effective ingredients, wherein the extracts is obtained by extracting an avocado plant and/or a processed product thereof with an organic solvent is disclosed.

Abstract: A hepatic disorder suppressant comprising extracts having hepatic disorder suppressing effect as effective ingredients, wherein the extracts is obtained by extracting an avocado plant and/or a processed product thereof with an organic solvent is disclosed.

Abstract: A hepatic disorder suppressant comprising extracts having hepatic disorder suppressing effect as effective ingredients, wherein the extracts is obtained by extracting an avocado plant and/or a processed product thereof with an organic solvent is disclosed.

Abstract: A hepatic disorder suppressant comprising extracts having hepatic disorder suppressing effect as effective ingredients, wherein the extracts is obtained by extracting an avocado plant and/or a processed product thereof with an organic solvent is disclosed.