Abstract: A control method for a fuel cell system includes: acquiring a poisoning rate of an electrode catalyst of a fuel cell; performing a potential maintaining operation of maintaining a potential of the fuel cell in a first potential range when the poisoning rate of the electrode catalyst is greater than a prescribed value ?; and performing a potential changing operation of repeating a cycle in which the potential of the fuel cell is changed between an upper-limit potential and a lower-limit potential of a second potential range which is higher than the first potential range after the potential maintaining operation has been performed.

Abstract: A method of controlling a fuel battery system of the present disclosure is a method of controlling a fuel battery system, including a measurement process in which a power generation voltage at a predetermined current density of a fuel battery cell is measured, a first calculation process in which a poisoning rate of an electrode catalyst at the power generation voltage measured in the measurement process is calculated from a predetermined relationship between the power generation voltage at the predetermined current density and the poisoning rate of the electrode catalyst of the fuel battery cell, and a second calculation process in which a generation rate of hydrogen peroxide at the poisoning rate of the electrode catalyst calculated in the first calculation process is calculated from a predetermined relationship between the poisoning rate of the electrode catalyst and the generation rate of hydrogen peroxide of the fuel battery cell.

Abstract: A control method for a fuel cell system includes: acquiring a poisoning rate of an electrode catalyst of a fuel cell; performing a potential maintaining operation of maintaining a potential of the fuel cell in a first potential range when the poisoning rate of the electrode catalyst is greater than a prescribed value ?; and performing a potential changing operation of repeating a cycle in which the potential of the fuel cell is changed between an upper-limit potential and a lower-limit potential of a second potential range which is higher than the first potential range after the potential maintaining operation has been performed.

Abstract: A method of controlling a fuel battery system of the present disclosure is a method of controlling a fuel battery system, including a measurement process in which a power generation voltage at a predetermined current density of a fuel battery cell is measured, a first calculation process in which a poisoning rate of an electrode catalyst at the power generation voltage measured in the measurement process is calculated from a predetermined relationship between the power generation voltage at the predetermined current density and the poisoning rate of the electrode catalyst of the fuel battery cell, and a second calculation process in which a generation rate of hydrogen peroxide at the poisoning rate of the electrode catalyst calculated in the first calculation process is calculated from a predetermined relationship between the poisoning rate of the electrode catalyst and the generation rate of hydrogen peroxide of the fuel battery cell.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell includes: a carbon support having a crystallite diameter of 2.0 nm to 3.5 nm at a carbon (002) plane, and having a specific surface area of 400 m2/g to 700 m2/g; and a catalyst metal containing platinum and a platinum alloy that are supported on the carbon support, and having a crystallite diameter of 2.7 nm to 5.0 nm at a platinum (220) plane. A ratio of a peak height of a spectrum of the platinum alloy in a form of an intermetallic compound with respect to a peak height of a spectrum of platinum is 0.03 to 0.08. The spectrum of the platinum alloy and the spectrum of platinum are measured through X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: A vinyl chloride plastisol composition contains a vinyl chloride resin and a plasticizer as main ingredients. A thermally expandable microcapsule is added in a range of 2 parts by weight to 12 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin. A non-expandable hollow filler is added in a range of 10 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin. The vinyl chloride resin is contained in the vinyl chloride plastisol composition in a range of 15% by weight to 50% by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printing medium comprising a substrate and an ink-receiving layer which comprises an alumina hydrate surface-treated with a coupling agent and is provided on the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printing medium comprising a substrate and an ink-receiving layer which comprises an alumina hydrate surface-treated with a coupling agent and is provided on the substrate.

Abstract: An aminium salt compound has the structure expressed by the following formula (I) or (II), and an optical recording layer has a recording layer containing the aminium salt compound. ##STR1## wherein X.sup.- indicates a monovalent metal complex anion; and R.sub.1 through R.sub.8 each indicate a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic residue, and at least one of R.sub.1 through R.sub.8 is a monovalent organic residue selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group and substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group; and n is 1 or 2; and ##STR2## wherein X.sup.- indicates a monovalent metal complex anion; and R.sub.1 ' through R.sub.8 ' indicate the atoms that, when taken together in combination R.sub.m ' and R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process using a roll stamper which molds a substrate sheet for information recording mediums by continuously transferring preformat patterns on a resin sheet. The roll stamper has the feature that the preformat pattern on the roll stamper has a value of b/a of greater than 1 when the length of the preformat pattern in the direction parallel to the direction in which the resin sheet is transported is defined as a and the length in the direction perpendicular thereto as b.

Abstract: An infrared-absorptive compound is disclosed which has the structure represented by the following formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## Also, an optical recording medium having a recording layer containing the infrared-absorptive compound is disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing an optical recording medium or an optical recording medium substrate sheet forms an photo-curable resin layer on at least one of a substrate sheet and a stamper which undergoes elastic deformation. The stamper bears a pattern corresponding with preformatting information and is brought into close contact with the substrate sheet wherein the photo-curable resin layer is interposed between them and cured.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes in sequence a transparent substrate, a light-reflecting layer, a transparent intermediate layer and a light-absorbing layer. The light-reflecting layer, the transparent intermediate layer and the light-absorbing layer in combination constitute a multi-layer optical element showing a high reflectance with respect to a reproducing light beam having a wavelength .lambda..sub.r. The resultant high reflectance state in the non-recorded region provides a high contrast in comparison with a record pit when the high reflectance multi-layer optical element is destroyed, and also provides the record with an improved resistance to degradation due to irradiation with the reproducing light beam.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a substrate and, provided thereon, a recording layer, a recording auxiliary layer that covers a given region on the surface of the recording layer on its side not facing the substrate, and a recording restraining layer that the covers the recording layer on its surface not covered with the recording auxiliary layer.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes in sequence a transparent substrate, a light-reflecting layer, a transparent intermediate layer and a light-absorbing layer. The light-reflecting layer and the light-absorbing layer are respectively formed as a layer of an organic coloring matter. The light-absorbing layer can cause deformation for recording information accompanied with a local charge in thickness of the transparent intermediate layer in response to a recording beam indicated to the light-absorbing layer through the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing an information recording medium comprising a substrate and provided thereon a recording layer and protective layer comprises the steps of forming on one substrate sheet a plurality of grooved preformats used for information recording mediums, forming a recording layer on the substrate sheet having thereon said plurality of grooved preformats, forming a protective layer on the substrate sheet on which said recording layer has been formed, and cutting the resulting substrate sheet into individual information recording mediums.

Abstract: A roll stamper which molds a substrate resin sheet into an information recording media by continuously transferring preformat patterns on the substrate resin sheet, and a production process therefor. The preformat pattern on the roll stamper has a value of b/a of greater than 1 when the length of the preformat pattern in a direction parallel to the direction in which the resin sheet is transported is defined as a and the length in a direction perpendicular thereto as b.

Abstract: A roll stamper has a roll substrate and a stamper fixed thereto and having a convexity and concavity preformat pattern. The stamper has an auxiliary layer, including a material different from that of the stamper and a back surface on which the convexity and concavity preformat pattern is formed. The roll substrate has a low-melting layer on its surface and the auxiliary layer is in contact with the low-melting layer so that the stamper is fixed to the roll substrate.

Abstract: An infrared-absorptive compound represented by the following Formula (I) or (II). ##STR1## to be contained with an organic coloring matter in the recording layer for providing durable optical recording mediums.

Abstract: An optical recording medium including a recording layer containing a polymethine compound which can be expressed by the following formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent aryl groups substituted by alkyl groups, or aryl groups substituted by alkoxy groups; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted styryl groups; m is 0, 1 or 2; and X.crclbar. is an anion.