Abstract: A fabrication method of a semiconductor luminescent device includes forming a compound semiconductor layer having a structure in which a first conductivity-type clad layer, an active layer, a second conductivity-type clad layer are layered in order on a substrate, the second conductivity-type being different from the first conductivity-type and forming a low-refractive-index region in a waveguide in an area to be an end face from which an output light from the waveguide in the compound semiconductor layer is emitted, the low-refractive-index region having an equivalent refractive-index lower than that of another area in the waveguide. The step of forming the low-refractive-index region includes determining a width of the low-refractive-index region in a longitudinal direction of the waveguide so that an emission angle of the output light of the semiconductor luminescent device is controlled to be a desirable value, and forming the low-refractive-index region having the width.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes dividing an off substrate so that a first edge face, the off substrate having an operation layer on a main surface of the off substrate, and cutting the off substrate to form a second edge face crossing the first edge face so that an entire surface of the second edge face is closer to a direction vertical to the main surface of the off substrate than a surface cleaved along with the second edge face.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor laser that has a ridge portion formed with a compound semiconductor layer containing Ga includes applying an electric current to the semiconductor laser until the characteristics of the semiconductor laser that have deteriorated due to the application of the electric current recover from the deterioration.

Abstract: A fabrication method of a semiconductor luminescent device includes forming a compound semiconductor layer having a structure in which a first conductivity-type clad layer, an active layer, a second conductivity-type clad layer are layered in order on a substrate, the second conductivity-type being different from the first conductivity-type and forming a low-refractive-index region in a waveguide in an area to be an end face from which an output light from the waveguide in the compound semiconductor layer is emitted, the low-refractive-index region having an equivalent refractive-index lower than that of another area in the waveguide. The step of forming the low-refractive-index region includes determining a width of the low-refractive-index region in a longitudinal direction of the waveguide so that an emission angle of the output light of the semiconductor luminescent device is controlled to be a desirable value, and forming the low-refractive-index region having the width.

Abstract: An evaporating apparatus includes an evaporator (E) for converting a liquid into vapor and a preheater (2) for heating the liquid before it is fed to the evaporator (E). A pump (6) for feeding the liquid to the preheater (2) and another pump (8) for pressurizing the liquid passing from the preheater (2) to the evaporator (E) are provided, where the former maintains the liquid at a saturation pressure with respect to a temperature slightly higher than a saturation temperature (t.sub.o) at the preheater outlet, and the latter serves to raise the liquid pressure to a saturation pressure with respect to a desired evaporation temperature (t.sub.2). Rate of flow of a heating medium for the preheater (2) is controlled so that its temperature (t.sub.w3) is slightly higher than a liquid preheater outlet temperature (t.sub.ex). Thus, in the preheater (2), the liquid temperature (t.sub.ex) is maintained lower than saturation temperature (t.sub.o), ensuring a greater amount of heat transfer by subcool boiling.

Abstract: A heat recovery system including a closed working fluid loop constituted by connecting an evaporating apparatus supplied with warm waste water, a steam turbine having an output shaft to be coupled to the load, and a condensing apparatus supplied with cooling water, works on the basis of a Rankine cycle and utilize non-azeotropic mixture as the working fluid.

Abstract: A heat recovery system including a closed working fluid loop constituted by connecting an evaporating apparatus supplied with warm waste water, a steam turbine having an output shaft to be coupled to the load, and a condensing apparatus supplied with cooling water, works on the basis of a Rankine cycle and is adapted to utilize a non-azeotropic mixture as the working fluid.

Abstract: A heat recovery system including a closed working fluid loop constituted by connecting an evaporating apparatus supplied with warm waste water, a steam turbine having an output shaft to be coupled to the load, and a condensing apparatus supplied with cooling water, works on the basis of a Rankine cycle and utilize a non-azeotropic mixture as the working fluid.

Abstract: An evaporating apparatus comprising a high temperature side evaporator and a low temperature side evaporator connected in series in a flowing direction of a heat source, a first and second pipe line for directing fluid being evaporated therethrough, and an ejector having a suction inlet and a discharge outlet of drive steam and an induction port of steam being sucked, wherein the first pipe line is linked through the high temperature side evaporator to the suction inlet of the ejector, and the second pipe line is branched from the first pipe line at the upstream side of the hot temperature side evaporator, and linked through the low temperature side evaporator to the induction port of the ejector.

Abstract: A heat recovering device comprising an oil injection type screw expander having its output shaft connected to a load, such as a generator, an evaporator using waste heat as a heat source to evaporate a working medium so as to produce working medium vapor to be fed to the expander, a condenser for condensing the working medium vapor discharged from the expander, a working medium circulating pump for circulating the working medium within a system comprised of the condenser, evaporator and expander, an oil circulating pump for feeding oil to the expander, and a heater for heating oil to be fed to the expander to a higher temperature than the working medium vapor temperature. The device is characterized in that the heated oil is injected into the expander in such a manner that the working medium vapor and the heated oil come in direct contact with each other in the expander, thereby superheating the working medium vapor.

Abstract: A plate type evaporator comprising a plurality of vertically extending plate elements assembled face-to-face to define therebetween alternate channels for a heating medium and for a liquid to be evaporated. In order to accelerate the nuclear boiling of the liquid in the liquid channels, the heat transfer surface of each plate element has a plurality of vertically extending transversely spaced ridges projecting toward the associated liquid channel, such ridges being in contact with the heat transfer surface of the opposed plate element to provide areas of contact assisting in the evolution of vapor bubbles and divide the liquid channel into narrow sections assisting in the generation of vapor, such sections also assuring that even in deeper places in the liquid channel, vapor bubbles will be generated without yielding to the liquid pressure; alternatively, each plate element has a porous layer formed on its heat transfer surface facing the liquid channel.

Abstract: Improvements in the condensing heat transfer surface of a condenser which handles organic working fluids whose surface tension is not more than 35 dyne/cm as gas mediums to be condensed. The improvements comprise the formation of a plurality of transversely spaced vertically extending grooves on the condensing heat transfer surface on which the gas medium condenses. The pitch of the grooves is about 1-2 mm and the depth is about 0.3-0.6 mm.

Abstract: A plate type evaporator comprising a plurality of vertically extending plate elements assembled face-to-face to define therebetween alternate channels for a heating medium and for a liquid to be evaporated. The plate elements have porous layers formed on their opposed heat transfer surfaces functioning as the channels for the liquid to be evaporated. The porous layers are utilized as nuclear boiling accelerating members to improve the capability of evaporating liquid on the boiling heat transfer surfaces.

Abstract: A plate type evaporator comprising a plurality of vertically extending plate elements assembled face-to-face to define therebetween alternate channels for a heating medium and for a liquid to be evaporated. In order to accelerate the nuclear boiling of the liquid in the liquid channels, the heat transfer surface of each plate element has a plurality of vertically extending transversely spaced ridges projecting toward the associated liquid channel, such ridges being in contact with the heat transfer surface of the opposed plate element to provide areas of contact assisting in the evolution of vapor bubbles and divide the liquid channel into narrow sections assisting in the generation of vapor, such sections also assuring that even in deeper places in the liquid channel, vapor bubbles will be generated without yielding to the liquid pressure; alternatively, each plate element has a porous layer formed on its heat transfer surface facing the liquid channel.

Abstract: A plate type heat exchanger arranged so that heat exchange is effected between fluids through heat transfer plates. It comprises heat transfer plates serving as heat transfer elements, and jet plates each having a number of small holes. One fluid is jetted through the small holes in the jet plates towards the heat transfer plates opposed to the jet plates while the other fluid flows along the respective opposite heat transfer surfaces of the heat-transfer plates or is jetted toward the respective opposite heat transfer surfaces as in the case of the first fluid.

Abstract: A condenser characterized in that a pair of heat transmitting surfaces having opposed longitudinal grooves are arranged with the ridges of the longitudinal grooves contacted with or closely adjacent to each other to define steam passageways by said opposed longitudinal grooves so that the condensate in the opposed longitudinal grooves is collected in the contacted regions or between the closely adjacent regions by surface tension and allowed to flow down.

Abstract: A plate used in a plate type condenser comprises inclined grooves having a V-shaped external appearance and a vertical groove which extends through the bottoms of the V's to communicate with the inclined grooves, so that the condensate flows down along the inclined grooves and then along the vertical groove to be discharged out of the condenser.

Abstract: A cross-current type plate heat exchanger comprising a plurality of vertically disposed heat transfer plates arranged side by side to define fluid passageways through which two fluids to be heat exchanged flow in a cross-current fashion. Each heat transfer plate is formed with a plurality of juxtaposed vertical grooves extending from the top to the bottom of the heat transfer surface of the heat transfer plate, and a plurality of substantially horizontal projections are formed between the vertical grooves to divide the heat transfer area into a plurality of sections. Vertically extending short projections which are lower than the vertical grooves are formed between the substantially horizontal projections in such a manner that the number of such short projections provided in the vertically separated sections is progressively increased so that the bottommost section has the greatest number of short projections.

Abstract: A structure of fluid condensing and heat conducting surface of the condenser characterized in that completely recessed grooves for collecting fluid are provided on said surface integrally therewith, wherein the distance between the centers of radii of rounded corners of said groove is made less than 3 mm.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger comprises a laterally arranged cylindrical container having an inlet and outlet for one of both media and those for the other medium and opening at one end, a plurality of heat exchange units each including a pair of opposite frames and a pack of plate elements therebetween and being inserted in sequence into the container, and a press lid attached to said one opening end of container under condition of thrusting said plurality of heat exchange units. The plate elements are clamped face to face through surrounding sealing surrounding sealing strips respectively to form between the plates interspaces through which the media flow. Every second interspace among the interspaces is closed with respect to the space within the container and communicates with said inlet and outlet for said one medium.