Abstract: A transmission network according to the present invention includes an ingress transmission apparatus and relay or egress transmission apparatuses in network channel setting terms, wherein the ingress transmission apparatus includes a switching table in which to register in advance a channel to switch to from a certain channel in the network; a path calculation unit which calculates a channel path in said network and searches for a path to set; a channel switching unit which switches a failed channel in the network to a channel registered in the switching table or a channel searched by a path calculation unit, and a channel setting/removal unit which sends a SET CHANNEL or REMOVE CHANNEL instruction to the relay or egress transmission apparatus.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus searches a new protection path at the time point that a failure has occurred in a working path and the working path has been switched to a protection path, registers the searched protection path, and secures the working path and the protection path of which a ratio is one versus one at any time. The transmission apparatus includes a holding means for holding an initially-set working path and protection path, and a means for, based upon a content of the holding of the foregoing holding means, making a changeover to the above working path after the initially-set working path recovers from the failure.

Abstract: A transmission network according to the present invention includes an ingress transmission apparatus and relay or egress transmission apparatuses in network channel setting terms, wherein the ingress transmission apparatus includes a switching table in which to register in advance a channel to switch to from a certain channel in the network; a path calculation unit which calculates a channel path in said network and searches for a path to set; a channel switching unit which switches a failed channel in the network to a channel registered in the switching table or a channel searched by a path calculation unit, and a channel setting/removal unit which sends a SET CHANNEL or REMOVE CHANNEL instruction to the relay or egress transmission apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a line design system which can automatically set a monitoring control channel to a transmission device to which a request for changing a line condition is made when the request for changing a line condition is made. A line design server 20 transmits information on transmission devices 60-1 to 60-n to which the request for changing the line condition is made and information on a monitoring control channel set to the transmission devices 60-1 to 60-n to a network monitoring control device 50 when the request for changing the line condition is made. The network monitoring control device 50 sets a monitoring control channel of the transmission devices 60-1 to 60-n based on the received information on the transmission devices 60-1 to 60-n and the information on the monitoring control channel when receiving the information on the transmission device 60-1 to 60-n and the information on the monitoring control channel.

Abstract: When there occurs a fault in any path of the MPLS or GMPLS network, a node which has detected the fault sends a notify message which is fault event information. A node which performs fault recovery receives the notify message (S1) and counting of the waiting time is triggered by this reception (S2). During this waiting time, LSA of OSPF is collected. When the waiting time is terminated, the node which performs fault recovery calculates alternative path based on the notify message and the LSA of OSPF (S3) and carries out fault recovery by restoration (S4).

Abstract: The invention provides an internal information backing up device by which, even if the information is changed or the memory allocation is changed by a change in version of a firmware, the data structures of the information can be corrected automatically. When a firmware is started in which the form of backup data has been changed, a backup data expansion processing element expands all labels of data structures into a RAM using default values of a default value storage element, based on stored contents of a data structure table. The backup data expansion processing element compares a version of the data structure table of the firmware with a version of a data structure table in a non-volatile RAM. If these versions coincide with each other, the backup data expansion processing element expands the backup data of a backup data element into the RAM. But if the versions do not coincide, the backup data expansion processing element maintains the default value.

Abstract: CMPO is safely, reliably and rapidly decomposed under mild conditions. A CMPO-containing substance is emulsified in an electrolyte comprising an oxidation promoter (silver ion) by an emulsifier in an emulsifying tank, this electrolyte comprising the CMPO-containing substance is supplied to an anode chamber, and an electrolytic oxidation reaction is performed by passing an electric current. By emulsifying the CMPO-containing substance, the surface area of CMPO in contact with electrolyte is increased, and electrolytic decomposition is thereby promoted. As sufficient CMPO decomposition is not obtained by passing the emulsion only once through an electrolysis tank 1, a batch oxidation method is employed wherein an anolyte is recirculated by a recirculating pump 3a through the anode chamber, a constant temperature bath 7a and an emulsifying tank 6, so that electrolysis is performed with the CMPO-containing substance permanently emulsified in the electrolyte.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a back-up method for information for setting a system control apparatus by which externally back up data can be used even if version up of or addition of a function to firmware is effected and the back up data can be edited manually.

Abstract: According to the method of this invention for fixation of incinerator ash, incinerator ash containing SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is incorporated with NaOH or NaOH and an SiO.sub.2 -containing substance in such an amount that the resulting mixture contains 25 to 90 wt % of SiO.sub.2, 2 to 10 wt % of Na.sub.2 O, and more than 3 wt % of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 which is less than the content of SiO.sub.2 in terms of mol %; 100 parts by weight of the mixture is mixed with more than 5 parts by weight of water; and the resulting mixture is subjected to hydrothermal reaction under a pressure of 70 kg/cm.sup.2 or above and at a temperature of 150.degree. C. and above, whereby the fixation is accomplished.