Abstract: A single crystal of alkaline earth metal fluoride is produced by a single crystal pulling method, has a straight barrel part diameter of not less than 17 cm, preferably has a straight barrel part length of not less than 5 cm, and has a light transmittance, as measured at a wavelength of 632.8 nm, of not less than 80%, preferably 90 to 98%. Further, the main crystal growth plane of the single crystal is the {111} plane or the {100} plane. The single crystal of alkaline earth metal fluoride has a large diameter as described above, and in spite that it is in an as-grown state, the peripheral surface is not opaque and the visible light transmittance is high. Therefore, evaluation of bubbles or inclusions in the crystal becomes feasible without performing complicated machining of the crystal, and from the single crystal, a large-sized optical material having advantageous properties such as high quality and high uniformity can be cut out.

Abstract: A metal fluoride single crystal pulling apparatus that upward pulling initiation through termination, in the state of shallow melt capable of highly effective inhibition of scatterer formation, can perform stable growth of single crystal and can suppress any mixing of air bubbles and occurrence of crystal break during crystal growth, etc; and a process for producing a metal fluoride single crystal therewith. As a crucible for accommodating a melt of raw metal fluoride, use is made of a double structured crucible composed of an outer crucible and an inner crucible. In the upward pulling of single crystal, the accommodation depth of inner crucible relative to the outer crucible is increased in accordance with any decrease of melt accommodated in the inner crucible according to the growth of single crystal, so that the melt accommodated in the outer crucible is fed into the inner crucible to thereby maintain the amount of melt accommodated in the inner crucible within a given range.

Abstract: A particulate porous ammoxidation catalyst for use in producing acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile by reacting propylene, isobutene or tert-butyl alcohol with molecular oxygen and ammonia in a fluidized-bed reactor, the catalyst comprising a metal oxide and a silica carrier having supported thereon the metal oxide, wherein the metal oxide contains at least two elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, bismuth, iron, vanadium, antimony, tellurium and niobium, and the catalyst having a particle diameter distribution wherein the amount of catalyst particles having a particle diameter of from 5 to 200 ?m is from 90 to 100% by weight, based on the weight of the catalyst, and having a pore distribution wherein the cumulative pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 80 ? or less is not more than 20%, based on the total pore volume of the catalyst and wherein the cumulative pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of 1,000 ? or more is not more than 20%, based on the total pore volume of the

Abstract: A single crystal pulling apparatus for a metal fluoride comprising a crucible provided in a chamber for filling with a molten solution of a single crystal material, a melting heater provided to surround the crucible, a vertically movable single crystal pulling bar for attaching a seed crystal on a tip thereof for coming in contact with the molten solution of the single crystal material in the crucible, a heat insulating wall provided in the chamber to surround at least a peripheral side portion of a single crystal pulling region in an upper part of the crucible, a ceiling board for closing an opening portion of an upper end in an upper part of the heat insulating wall, and a single crystal pulling chamber surrounded by the heat insulating wall and the ceiling board, wherein the ceiling board is provided with at least an inserting hole for inserting the single crystal pulling bar, and wherein a coefficient of thermal conductivity in a direction of a thickness of the ceiling board is 1000 to 50000 W/m2·K.

Abstract: Method and class tables and an algorithm are provided for use in determining if a called method in a message should be retrieved and executed or a method search should initiated. The method table includes method name, method identifier, method overwrite data, class overwrite data and method memory storage location associated with the method related to the overwrite data. The algorithm sets a plurality of variables to an entry in the class table and at least one method and class data referenced in a message, searches the method table and sets search variables to the class and method overwrite data and determines if a predetermined relationship exists between the method and class identifier associated with the class and method data in the message as well as data in one of method entries. The method memory storage location is read out once a method entry with the predetermined relationship is found.

Abstract: In operation processing devices based on Java (a registered trademark), each time a functional program is executed, in response to a command to access that function, a work area for the program which is accessed is set up dynamically within the thread work area for the thread then being executed. By applying this processing in the case of an external interrupt as well, this invention eliminates the need to maintain a separate memory area for interrupt program processing. It simplifies the processing involved in sidetracking and restoring data and switching the program to be executed. The work area for a program being run is a dynamically created memory area according to this invention. When an interrupt is generated, the register data indicating the status and register state of the program being run at that time are sidetracked in the work area for that program.

Abstract: A device is provided with a control device that activates a stack machine and that also controls thread switching. This will reduce both the hardware requirements and the number of development processes needed to produce a switching control mechanism. It will also allow the threads to be switched very rapidly. The circuit to control thread switching: 1) discriminates a next thread to be switched to; 2) sidetracks the register data indicating the current state of execution of the program stored in the control register group in the stack machine in response to the request to switch threads and stores them in a sidetracking area set up for the current thread; and 3) reads the register data out of the sidetracking area for the thread that is switched to, which has been recognized by the discrimination unit, after the current data have been sidetracked by the sidetracking processor.

Abstract: The single crystal of alkaline earth metal fluoride of the invention is produced by a single crystal pulling method, has a straight barrel part diameter of not less than 17 cm, preferably has a straight barrel part length of not less than 5 cm, and has a light transmittance, as measured at a wavelength of 632.8 nm, of not less than 80%, preferably 90 to 98%. Further, the main crystal growth plane of the single crystal of the invention is the {111}plane or the {100}plane. The single crystal of alkaline earth metal fluoride of the invention has a large diameter as described above, and in spite that it is in an as-grown state, the peripheral surface is not opaque and the visible light transmittance is high. Therefore, evaluation of bubbles or inclusions in the crystal becomes feasible without performing complicated machining of the crystal, and from the single crystal, a large-sized optical material having advantageous properties such as high quality and high uniformity can be cut out.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an as-grown single crystal of calcium fluoride having a large diameter and small birefringence. The as-grown single crystal of calcium fluoride according to the present invention is obtained by a single crystal pulling method (Czochralski method), has a straight barrel part diameter of 17 cm or more, preferably has a straight barrel part length of 50 mm or more, and has a birefringence of not more than 3 nm/cm, preferably 0.1 to 2.0 nm/cm.

Abstract: A single crystal pulling apparatus for a metal fluoride comprising a crucible provided in a chamber and filling a molten solution of a single crystal manufacturing material, a melting heater provided to surround the crucible, a vertically movable single crystal pulling bar including a seed crystal on a tip and coming in contact with the molten solution of the single crystal manufacturing material filled in the crucible, a heat insulating wall provided in the chamber to surround at least a peripheral side portion of a single crystal pulling region in an upper part of the crucible, a ceiling board for closing an opening portion of an upper end in an upper part of the heat insulating wall, and a single crystal pulling chamber surrounded by the heat insulating wall and the ceiling board, wherein the ceiling board is provided with at least an inserting hole for inserting the single crystal pulling bar, and a coefficient of thermal conductivity in a direction of a thickness of the ceiling board is 1000 to 50000 W/m

Abstract: An information processing system is provided that is capable of memory access suitable in any programming environment and which increases reliability by varying or restricting program access to memory areas. A number of data storage areas are established in memory that are equal to a number of declared object oriented array elements. Thereafter, memory is addressed using an index value of the indicated array element in the area where the data is stored. If, for example, an array object of a size corresponding to the total size of addresses in the memory is declared, the entire memory will be considered to be the data storage area. A program can then access a memory address by looking up a desired element.

Abstract: A memberane sensitive to anions is obtained by forming into a membrane either a composition comprising an onium salt compound such as trioctylmethylammonium chloride or tetraoctylammonium bromide, and an aromatic boric diester compound such as (p-alkyloxy)phenyl borate, or a composition which comprises these two ingredients and a membrane-forming polymer such as polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene, and may further contain a fat-soluble anion salt such as tetraphenyl borate. This membrane can yield an ion-selective electrode which permits hydrogencarbonate ions contained in body fluids to be rapidly determined with high sensitivity and high selectivity and which has a long life.

Abstract: The objective of this invention is to provide an information processing system capable of instantaneous memory access which can be suitable for use in any programming environment. The second objective of this invention is to provide a highly reliable information processing system in which the programs with access to the memory can be restricted in order to prevent accidental or unauthorized overwrites. The third objective of this invention is to provide a convenient information processing system which can maintain its reliability by using a program to vary the accessibility of different areas of the memory.

Abstract: Relating to a method succeeded among a plurality of classes having a hierarchical relationship and the method overwriting the succeeded method, a method table stores therein method information including starting addresses of the storage locations of the respective methods, in which the respective method information is connected in series along the hierarchical relationship between the position classes of the respective methods. When a storage location of a message called by the message of a method call is retrieved, the retrieval of the method table is executed by the key which is the class designated by the message. Unless any designated method is retrieved by this retrieval, the key which is a super class of the designated class executes the retrieval based on the class table.

Abstract: A device is provided with a control device that activates a stack machine and that also controls thread switching. This will reduce both the hardware requirements and the number of development processes needed to produce a switching control mechanism. It will also allow the threads to be switched very rapidly. The circuit to control thread switching: 1) discriminates a next thread to be switched to; 2) sidetracks the register data indicating the current state of execution of the program stored in the control register group in the stack machine in response to the request to switch threads and stores them in a sidetracking area set up for the current thread; and 3)reads the register data out of the sidetracking area for the thread that is switched to, which has been recognized by the discrimination unit, after the current data have been sidetracked by the sidetracking processor.

Abstract: The objective of this invention is to realize an information processing scheme such that the necessary references, including reference data specifying locations to be accessed in the memory, are found before the program is executed, and each result is stored in a link to the program. Then the locations to be accessed can be specified immediately by the reference data when the program is executed. The program's running time is stabilized and its speed is increased. It is well suited for use in a device which requires real time capability. when a program written in an interpreter language is run, the reference data specifying the locations to be accessed in the memory are extracted and the references are found before the program is executed. The results which are obtained are then linked to the program through the aforesaid reference data.

Abstract: The objective of this invention is to eliminate wasteful use of the memory resource, reduce complexity of program switching or thread interrupt program processing, and speed up program processing. In operation processing devices based on Java (a registered trademark), each time a functional program is executed a memory work area is dynamically created. This invention eliminates the need to maintain a separate memory thread work area for interrupt program processing. It simplifies the processing involved in sidetracking and restoring data required to switch between threads or programs to be executed. The work area for a program being run is a dynamically created memory area according to this invention. When an interrupt is generated, the register data indicating the status and register state of the program being run at that time is sidetracked into the work area for that program.