Abstract: A CRISPR-Cas3 system was successfully established in a eukaryotic cell.

Abstract: A CRISPR-Cas3 system was successfully established in a eukaryotic cell.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including, sequentially in the following order: a light source unit, a rear side polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, a front side polarizer, and a viewing angle expansion film. Alternatively, a liquid crystal display device including, sequentially in the following order: a light source unit, a rear side polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, a viewing angle expansion film, and a front side polarizer. The liquid crystal display device optionally includes a rear side optical film provided between the rear side polarizer and the liquid crystal cell; and a front side optical film provided between the front side polarizer and the liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including, sequentially in the following order: a light source unit, a rear side polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, a front side polarizer, and a viewing angle expansion film. Alternatively, a liquid crystal display device including, sequentially in the following order: a light source unit, a rear side polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, a viewing angle expansion film, and a front side polarizer. The liquid crystal display device optionally includes a rear side optical film provided between the rear side polarizer and the liquid crystal cell; and a front side optical film provided between the front side polarizer and the liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical film including a birefringence layer having a refractive index distribution that satisfies nx>nz>ny, by which productivity of an optical film becomes high because there are a few steps, and a contamination is reduced, is provided. The method for producing an optical film including a birefringence layer includes forming an applied film by applying a birefringence layer forming material containing a non-liquid crystalline material with a birefringence (?nxz) in the thickness direction thereof of 0.0007 or more directly on a shrinkable film, and forming a birefringence layer having a refractive index distribution that satisfies nx>nz>ny by shrinking the applied film through shrinking the shrinkable film.

Abstract: A method for producing a laminated film includes continuous roll to roll production steps of: providing a first long polymer film and having an absorption axis in the transverse direction; providing a second long polymer film and having a slow axis in the machine direction (MD direction); and laminating the polarizing film on the retardation film by adhering the polarizing film to the retardation film with an adhesive layer so that an MD direction of the first long polymer film corresponds to the MD direction of the second long polymer film.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a thin polarizing plate exhibiting a high contrast ratio. A polarizing plate of the present invention includes: a polarizer; a first protective layer provided on one side of the polarizer; and a second protective layer provided on the other side of the polarizer, wherein the first protective layer has a function of separating incident light into two polarized light components perpendicular to each other, transmitting one polarized light component, and reflecting the other polarized light component. Such a polarizing plate can exhibit a high contrast ratio, for example, in the case of being used in a liquid crystal display apparatus.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical film including a birefringent layer having a refractive index distribution satisfying nx>nz>ny that can be produced by a small number of steps, contains less foreign matter trapped therein, and has high productivity. The method includes steps of: forming a coating film by directly applying a material for forming a birefringent layer on the shrinkable film; shrinking the coating film in a first direction by shrinking the shrinkable film; and stretching a laminate of the shrinkable film and the coating film in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, wherein the material for forming a birefringent layer contains at least one resin selected from norbornene resins, polycarbonate resins, cellulose resins, polyamides, and polyurethanes, and wherein the birefringent layer has a refractive index distribution satisfying nx>nz>ny. An optical film produced by the method.

Abstract: An optical compensation film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: non-liquid crystal polymers arranged in a tilt alignment, wherein the optical compensation film satisfies the following expressions (1) and (2): 3 [nm]?(nx?ny)×d;??(1) and 5°<?,??(2) where, when an X-axis and a Y-axis, which are plane direction axes of a three-dimensional coordinate system, are perpendicular to each other and an axis vertical to the X-axis and the Y-axis in a thickness direction is defined as a Z-axis, nx and ny indicate a maximum refractive index and a minimum refractive index in an XY-plane of the optical compensation film, respectively, d indicates a film thickness [nm], and ? indicates an angle formed between a direction for providing the minimum refractive index ny and a direction for providing a maximum refractive index nb in a YZ-plane of the optical compensation film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal cell substrate, a liquid crystal panel, and a liquid crystal display whose thicknesses and weights can be reduced and optical characteristics at the time of producing them are easily controlled. The liquid crystal cell substrate 10 of the present invention is a liquid crystal cell substrate including a resin substrate 11 and an optical compensation layer 12, and the optical compensation layer 12 is laminated on the resin substrate 11. The optical compensation layer 12 has a refractive index distribution satisfying nx?ny>nz, and the optical compensation layer 12 is formed by applying a material for forming an optical compensation layer to the resin substrate 11 or a base substrate that is different from the resin substrate 11.

Abstract: A method for producing a laminated film includes continuous roll to roll production steps of: providing a first long polymer film and having an absorption axis in the transverse direction; providing a second long polymer film and having a slow axis in the machine direction (MD direction); and laminating the polarizing film on the retardation film by adhering the polarizing film to the retardation film with an adhesive layer so that an MD direction of the first long polymer film corresponds to the MD direction of the second long polymer film.

Abstract: A polarizing plate of the present invention includes a stretched laminate that is a laminate including a base material layer and a hydrophilic polymer layer and has undergone a stretching process, and at least a dichroic substance is adsorbed to the hydrophilic polymer layer. The polarizing plate of the present invention can be prevented from curling even when the polarizer is reduced in thickness.

Abstract: The invention provides a polarizing film comprising: a long polymer film; and a dichroic substance, wherein the polarizing film has an absorption axis in the TD direction of the polarizing film.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a thin polarizing plate exhibiting a high contrast ratio. A polarizing plate of the present invention includes: a polarizer; a first protective layer provided on one side of the polarizer; and a second protective layer provided on the other side of the polarizer, wherein the first protective layer has a function of separating incident light into two polarized light components perpendicular to each other, transmitting one polarized light component, and reflecting the other polarized light component. Such a polarizing plate can exhibit a high contrast ratio, for example, in the case of being used in a liquid crystal display apparatus.

Abstract: A video image appreciation system 10 of the present invention comprises: a self-luminous display 30; and a circularly-polarized light source 11, wherein the self-luminous display 30 comprises in order: (a) a first wavelength plate 13 having functions to convert circularly-polarized light into linearly-polarized light and vice versa; (b) a polarizing film 15; (c) a linearly-polarized separation film 20; (d) a second wavelength plate 18 having functions to convert circularly-polarized light into linearly-polarized light and vice versa; and (e) a self-luminous panel 16.

Abstract: A video viewing facility is provided. A circularly polarized light source is provided outside a self-luminous display. The self-luminous display includes a first wave plate having a function of converting circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light; a polarizing film; a second wave plate having a function of converting circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light; a circularly polarized light separating film; and a self-luminous panel, in this order from a visible side of the self-luminous display.

Abstract: A video image evaluation equipment of the present invention is capable of converting circularly-polarized light emitted from a circularly polarizing light source into linearly-polarized light so as to transmit an absorption-type linear polarizer by a wavelength plate to be incident on a liquid crystal panel. This makes it possible to enter and reflect light emitted from the circularly polarizing light source on the liquid crystal panel without loss, which leads to display brighter video images than conventional ones.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal panel exhibiting a high contrast ratio and a liquid crystal display apparatus including the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel of the present invention includes a first polarizer, a first optical compensation layer, a liquid crystal cell, a second optical compensation layer, and a second polarizer in the stated order from a viewer side. The first optical compensation layer and the second optical compensation layer have a refractive index profile of nx>ny>nz, and a light transmittance (T2) of the second polarizer is larger than a light transmittance (T1) of the first polarizer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polarizer is provided that makes it possible to virtually simultaneously perform a contact of a hydrophilic polymer film with liquid and stretch of the hydrophilic polymer film in a width direction by a tenter method, or the like, using a small and simple manufacturing equipment. A method of manufacturing a polarizer includes a width direction stretching process for stretching a hydrophilic polymer film 1 in the width direction, which is continuously supplied, by gripping both ends in a width direction thereof with grip means 2 and moving the grip means 2 in a longitudinal direction of the film 1 as well as by bringing the film 1 into contact with liquid and also moving the grip means 2, which grips at least one of both ends in the width direction of the film 1, outwardly in the width direction of the film 1; and a dyeing process for dyeing the film 1 by a dichroic material.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a producing method for a lengthwise optical laminate exhibiting high contrast ratio and adaptable to a large-sized display. The present invention provides a producing method for a lengthwise optical laminate, which comprises a step 1 of coating and drying a coating solution comprising a birefringent material and a solvent on a surface of a lengthwise base material to form a birefringent film such that a birefringence index (Anxz[590]) in the thickness direction at a wavelength of 590 nm is 0.