Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine has at least one fuel injection valve. An annular or ring-shaped electrode is mounted near the fuel injection valve to encircle the injected fuel. A high voltage generator produces an electric field between the electrode and the fuel injection valve as well as a surrounding wall which are both connected to the ground. Electrified fuel particles are finely atomized and prevented from attaching onto the surrounding wall to improve the operation, starting characteristic, and transient response of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection is disclosed which comprises at least one combustion chamber fitted with a fuel injection valve. A charging electrode is disposed in the combustion chamber near the fuel injection valve and is supplied with a high DC voltage from a voltage source so as to charge the particles of fuel injected from the injection valve and thereby to disperse them.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust gas recirculation passage for communicating an exhaust port with an intake passage through a recirculation flow control valve. The recirculation system according to the invention comprises a timing valve in the recirculation passage adapted to open at specified moments for extracting exhaust gases containing highly concentrated hydrocarbons. According to the invention, moreover, the exhaust port is concentrically divided into a plurality of ports to extract exhaust gases having high concentrations of hydrocarbons from the outermost divided port adjacent to the inner peripheral walls of the exhaust port to recirculate them into intake mixtures, thereby reducing the concentrations of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases and thus fuel consumption.