Abstract: An active material used in a secondary battery includes a heterocyclic chemical compound including one or more pyrazine rings and two or more benzene rings, or a salt or derivative thereof. The heterocyclic chemical compound is preferably a chemical compound in which at least 4 oxygen atoms are bonded to the benzene ring. The active material used in the secondary battery may also include phenazine or a salt or derivative thereof. The phenazines are preferably chemical compounds in which at least 4 oxygen atoms are bonded to a benzene ring included in a phenazine structure.

Abstract: An electrode active material for non-aqueous secondary batteries containing a compound represented by formula (1) is a material that is less likely to dissolve in an electrolyte during charge and discharge, and that exhibits an excellent discharge capacity and excellent charge-and-discharge cycle characteristics: the compound represented by formula (1) wherein Y1 and Y2 are identical or different and represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a selenium atom, R1 to R8 are identical or different and represent an oxygen atom or a group represented by —OLi, R9 to R12 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and bonds that are each represented by a solid line and a dashed line indicate a single bond or a double bond.

Abstract: An organic sulfur material comprising carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as constituent elements, and having peaks in the vicinity of 482 cm?1, 846 cm?1, 1066 cm?1, 1279 cm?1, and 1442 cm?1 in a Raman spectrum detected by Raman spectroscopy, the peak in the vicinity of 1442 cm?1 being most intense, has a high capacity and high heat resistance, although a liquid organic starting material is used.

Abstract: An electrode active material for non-aqueous secondary batteries containing a compound represented by formula (1) is a material that is less likely to dissolve in an electrolyte during charge and discharge, and that exhibits an excellent discharge capacity and excellent charge-and-discharge cycle characteristics: the compound represented by formula (1) wherein Y1 and Y2 are identical or different and represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a selenium atom, R1 to R8 are identical or different and represent an oxygen atom or a group represented by —OLi, R9 to R12 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and bonds that are each represented by a solid line and a dashed line indicate a single bond or a double bond.

Abstract: A rocking-chair nonaqueous secondary battery, which uses an ion other than monatomic ions as a charge carrier, and in which the ion moves in and out of both the positive electrode and the negative electrode, can be provided by using a nonaqueous secondary battery electrolyte comprising a salt containing a charge carrier comprising a molecular ion. The nonaqueous secondary battery further comprises a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, and a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, wherein the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material are both materials that allow doping and dedoping of molecular anions (e.g., conductive polymers, organic radical polymers, polymers having a ferrocene skeleton, conductive carbon materials, or organic sulfur compounds), or the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material are both materials that allow doping and dedoping of molecular cations (e.g.

Abstract: An organic sulfur material comprising carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as constituent elements, and having peaks in the vicinity of 482 cm?1, 846 cm?1, 1066 cm?1, 1279 cm?1, and 1442 cm?1 in a Raman spectrum detected by Raman spectroscopy, the peak in the vicinity of 1442 cm?1 being most intense, has a high capacity and high heat resistance, although a liquid organic starting material is used.

Abstract: A rocking-chair nonaqueous secondary battery, which uses an ion other than monatomic ions as a charge carrier, and in which the ion moves in and out of both the positive electrode and the negative electrode, can be provided by using a nonaqueous secondary battery electrolyte comprising a salt containing a charge carrier comprising a molecular ion. The nonaqueous secondary battery further comprises a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, and a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, wherein the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material are both materials that allow doping and dedoping of molecular anions (e.g., conductive polymers, organic radical polymers, polymers having a ferrocene skeleton, conductive carbon materials, or organic sulfur compounds), or the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material are both materials that allow doping and dedoping of molecular cations (e.g.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a high strength cold rolled steel sheet composed of ferrite grains having an average grain diameter of 10 ?m or less, in which the average number per unit area of Nb(C, N) precipitates having a diameter of 50 nm or more is 7.0×10?2/?m2 or less, and a zone having a width of 0.2 to 2.4 ?m and an average area density of NbC precipitates of 60% or less of that of the central portion of the ferrite grains is formed along grain boundaries of the ferrite grains, for example, the steel sheet consisting of 0.004 to 0.02% of C, 1.5% or less of Si, 3% or less of Mn, 0.15% or less of P, 0.02% or less of S, 0.1 to 1.5% of sol.Al, 0.001 to 0.007% of N, 0.03 to 0.2% of Nb, by mass, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel sheet is most preferably used for automobile panel parts since it has the TS of 340 MPa or more and the superior surface strain resistance and press formability.

Abstract: The hot-dip galvanized steel sheet has: a steel sheet containing 0.1 to 3.0% of Si by mass; a hot-dip galvanizing layer; and a segregated layer, being placed between the steel sheet and the hot-dip galvanizing layer, having a thickness in a range from 0.01 to 100 ?m; containing an oxide containing Si, and being composed of at least one component selected from the group consisting of S, C, Cl, Na, K, B, P, F, and N. The hot-dip galvanized steel sheet shows beautiful surface appearance without generating non-plating portion and provides excellent plating adhesion and sliding property in spite of using a base steel sheet containing a large quantity of Si. Furthermore, the alloy hot-dip galvanized steel sheet obtained by allying the hot-dip galvanized plating also has excellent anti-powdering property.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high strength cold rolled steel sheet composed of ferrite grains having an average grain diameter of 10 ?m or less, in which the average number per unit area of Nb(C, N) precipitates having a diameter of 50 nm or more is 7.0×10?2/?m2 or less, and a zone having a width of 0.2 to 2.4 ?m and an average area density of NbC precipitates of 60% or less of that of the central portion of the ferrite grains is formed along grain boundaries of the ferrite grains, for example, the steel sheet consisting of 0.004 to 0.02% of C, 1.5% or less of Si, 3% or less of Mn, 0.15% or less of P, 0.02% or less of S, 0.1 to 1.5% of sol.Al, 0.001 to 0.007% of N, 0.03 to 0.2% of Nb, by mass, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel sheet of the present invention is most preferably used for automobile panel parts since it has the TS of 340 MPa or more and the superior surface strain resistance and press formability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high strength cold rolled steel sheet consisting of 0.015% or less of C, 1.5% or less of Si, 0.4 to 3% of Mn, 0.15% or less of P, 0.02% or less of S, 0.1 to 1% of sol.Al, 0.01% or less of N, 0.2% or less of Ti, by mass %, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. In this steel sheet, 1?([Ti]/48)/([C]/12+[N]/14) is satisfied, in which [M] represents the content of the element M. Since having the superior deep drawability and the TS of 340 to 590 MPa, the high strength cold rolled steel sheet of the present invention is preferably used for automobiles parts difficult to be press formed, such as a side outer panel and a door inner panel.