Abstract: In some examples, a system can include a processing resource and a memory resource storing machine readable instructions to cause the processing resource to receive a description of a plurality of features of a specific device, identify distinguishable features for a plurality of different devices based on the description of the plurality of features, provide a plurality of follow-up questions based on the distinguishable features of the plurality of different devices, and determine a unique identifier for the specific device from the plurality of different devices based on the description and information received in response to the plurality of follow-up questions.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes: a combustion chamber surrounded by a cylinder bore wall, a piston crown part, and a cylinder head wall; a spark plug arranged at the cylinder head wall and having a spark generating part; and a partitioning wall part partitioning the combustion chamber into a main combustion chamber at which the piston crown part is exposed and an ignition chamber at which the spark generating part is exposed, the partitioning wall part being formed with a plurality of through holes connecting the main combustion chamber and the ignition chamber. The axes of the plurality of through holes are formed so that at predetermined regions from ignition chamber side opening parts of the plurality of through holes, the directions toward the ignition chamber side opening parts all are substantially the same.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine 10 comprises: a combustion chamber CC surrounded by a cylinder bore wall 21, a piston crown part 31, and a cylinder head wall 41; a spark plug 80 arranged at the cylinder head wall and having a spark generating part 81; and a partitioning wall part 90 partitioning the combustion chamber into a main combustion chamber CM at which the piston crown part is exposed and an ignition chamber CI at which the spark generating part is exposed, the partitioning wall part being formed with a plurality of through holes 91-96 connecting the main combustion chamber and the ignition chamber. The axes 91Y-96Y of the plurality of through holes are formed so that at predetermined regions 90x from ignition chamber side opening parts 91a-96a of the plurality of through holes, the directions toward the ignition chamber side opening parts all are substantially the same.

Abstract: An infrared detection element includes a substrate, a lower electrode layer, a pyroelectric layer, and an upper electrode layer. The lower electrode layer is fixed to the substrate, and the pyroelectric layer is formed on the lower electrode layer. The upper electrode layer is formed on pyroelectric layer. The lower electrode layer contains pores therein and has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than the pyroelectric layer.

Abstract: A dielectric element includes a substrate, a first electrode layer on this substrate, a dielectric layer on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer on the dielectric layer. The first electrode layer contains lanthanum nickelate. The dielectric layer contains lead magnesate niobate-titanate represented by (1?x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3, where x satisfies 0.28?x?0.33. The (100) plane of lead magnesate niobate-titanate is preferentially oriented along the interface between the first electrode layer and the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve that can favorably reduce the film thickness of fuel ejected from an outlet of an injection hole without relying on increase of the fuel pressure, whereby atomization of fuel spray can be favorably promoted, is provided. A fuel passage (16) through which the fuel flows is formed in the interior of the fuel injection valve (10). An injection-hole plate (18) as a member that separates an injection space (20) into which the fuel is injected, from the fuel passage (16), is provided in which a plurality of injection holes (22) for ejecting the fuel from the fuel passage (16) toward the injection space (20) are formed. The injection-hole plate (18), as viewed from the outlet side of the injection hole (22), is formed with an injection-hole outlet-side groove (24) connected to the injection hole (22) in a region (inner wall surface 22b) opposed to a main flow direction of the fuel directed toward the injection hole (22) along an inner wall surface (18a) of the injection-hole plate (18).

Abstract: An infrared detection element includes a substrate, a lower electrode layer, a pyroelectric layer, and an upper electrode layer. The lower electrode layer is fixed to the substrate, and the pyroelectric layer is formed on the lower electrode layer. The upper electrode layer is formed on pyroelectric layer. The lower electrode layer contains pores therein and has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than the pyroelectric layer.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog (D/A) converter includes first resistors coupled in series, second resistors respectively coupled to the first resistors and each having a resistance twice as large as the resistance of the first resistor, and first switch circuits respectively coupled to the second resistors. Third resistors each have a resistance twice as large as the resistance of the first resistor. Second switch circuits each are coupled to the third resistors and a GND wire. A control circuit controls the first and second switch circuit in accordance with the digital input signals to set a state of a connection node to either one of a first voltage, a second voltage, and a high impedance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a surface-coated cutting tool includes: forming an aluminum oxide layer having a layer thickness of 0.05 to 5 ?m and an ?-alumina structure with a corundum type crystal structure on a cutting tool body using a sol-gel method. The step of forming includes adding an alcohol to aluminum alkoxide; adding an acid; stirring the mixture at 10° C. or lower to form a sol; applying the sol on a surface of the cutting tool body or an outer-most surface of a hard-coating layer formed on the surface of the cutting tool body; performing a drying process at least once, the applied sol being dried at 100 to 400° C. in the drying process; and annealing the cutting tool body with a dried sol layer at 500 to 1000° C.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a substrate, a lower electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, and an upper electrode layer. The lower electrode layer is fixed to the substrate and the piezoelectric layer is formed on the lower electrode layer. The upper electrode layer is formed on piezoelectric layer. The lower electrode layer contains pores therein and has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog (D/A) converter includes D/A conversion circuits and an amplifier circuit coupled between the D/A conversion circuits. Each D/A conversion circuit includes an R-2R ladder type resistor network, first transistors coupled between the resistor network and a first wiring at a first voltage level, and second transistors coupled between the resistor network and a second wiring at a second voltage level. The sizes of the first transistors are set at a ratio of powers of 2. The sizes of second transistors are set at a ratio of powers of 2. The second transistors are respectively turned on and off complementarily to the first transistors according to the digital input signal.

Abstract: A first conversion circuit converts a first clock signal based on a signal level of a first voltage into a second clock signal based on a signal level of a second voltage. A flip-flop circuit supplied with the first voltage as an operation voltage latches and outputs a signal, which is based on the signal level of the first voltage, in accordance with the first clock signal. A second conversion circuit supplied with the second voltage as an operation voltage converts a signal level of an input signal, which is based on an output signal of the flip-flop circuit, into the signal level of the second voltage in synchronization with the second clock signal.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog (D/A) converter includes first resistors coupled in series, second resistors respectively coupled to the first resistors and each having a resistance twice as large as the resistance of the first resistor, and first switch circuits respectively coupled to the second resistors. Third resistors each have a resistance twice as large as the resistance of the first resistor. Second switch circuits each are coupled to the third resistors and a GND wire. A control circuit controls the first and second switch circuit in accordance with the digital input signals to set a state of a connection node to either one of a first voltage, a second voltage, and a high impedance.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve that can favorably reduce the film thickness of fuel ejected from an outlet of an injection hole without relying on increase of the fuel pressure, whereby atomization of fuel spray can be favorably promoted, is provided. A fuel passage (16) through which the fuel flows is formed in the interior of the fuel injection valve (10). An injection-hole plate (18) as a member that separates an injection space (20) into which the fuel is injected, from the fuel passage (16), is provided in which a plurality of injection holes (22) for ejecting the fuel from the fuel passage (16) toward the injection space (20) are formed. The injection-hole plate (18), as viewed from the outlet side of the injection hole (22), is formed with an injection-hole outlet-side groove (24) connected to the injection hole (22) in a region (inner wall surface 22b) opposed to a main flow direction of the fuel directed toward the injection hole (22) along an inner wall surface (18a) of the injection-hole plate (18).

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a substrate, a lower electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, and an upper electrode layer. The lower electrode layer is fixed to the substrate and the piezoelectric layer is formed on the lower electrode layer. The upper electrode layer is formed on piezoelectric layer. The lower electrode layer contains pores therein and has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a first support, a second support, a first resistive layer formed on the first support, a second resistive layer formed on the second support, a first conductor pattern including a first electrode portion that extends in a first direction, and a first end portion and a second end portion opposite thereto, a second conductor pattern including a second electrode portion that extends in a second direction that intersects with the first direction, and a first end portion and a second end portion opposite thereto, a first structure layer that is formed on the first resistive layer adjacently to the first end portion of the first conductor pattern, and has a thickness that is gradually reduced in proportion to a distance from the first end portion, and a bonding layer including a first bonding surface and a second bonding surface.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, on a cylinder head side, a tumble flow is formed that is directed from an intake vent opened on the cylinder head to an exhaust vent opened on the cylinder head. A direct injection valve injects fuel directly into a combustion space. The direct injection valve injects the fuel toward a section where a piston top surface intersects with a cylinder inner surface, at a point closer to an intake top dead center than a middle between the intake top dead center and an intake bottom dead center, and thereafter injects the fuel into the combustion space again.

Abstract: An operational amplifier includes a first amplifier to which an input signal is applied, and a second amplifier to which an output of the first amplifier is applied, wherein the second amplifier includes a first transistor including a gate to which the output of the first amplifier is applied, and a second transistor including a gate to which the output of the first amplifier is applied, and a drain coupled to a source of the first transistor.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a surface-coated cutting tool includes: forming an aluminum oxide layer having a layer thickness of 0.05 to 5 ?m and an ?-alumina structure with a corundum type crystal structure on a cutting tool body using a sol-gel method. The step of forming includes adding an alcohol to aluminum alkoxide; adding an acid; stirring the mixture at 10° C. or lower to form a sol; applying the sol on a surface of the cutting tool body or an outer-most surface of a hard-coating layer formed on the surface of the cutting tool body; performing a drying process at least once, the applied sol being dried at 100 to 400° C. in the drying process; and annealing the cutting tool body with a dried sol layer at 500 to 1000° C.

Abstract: A first conversion circuit converts a first clock signal based on a signal level of a first voltage into a second clock signal based on a signal level of a second voltage. A flip-flop circuit supplied with the first voltage as an operation voltage latches and outputs a signal, which is based on the signal level of the first voltage, in accordance with the first clock signal. A second conversion circuit supplied with the second voltage as an operation voltage converts a signal level of an input signal, which is based on an output signal of the flip-flop circuit, into the signal level of the second voltage in synchronization with the second clock signal.