Abstract: In a distributed processing system including a plurality of programs distributed in a plurality of processing units and in which a program on reception side performs processing using a message transmitted from a program on transmission side, a management table for managing start of programs on reception side is provided in a processing unit in which the program on reception side is provided. A program utilizing the message transmitted from the transmission side is recognized and the recognized program is started at the start timing indicated in the management table. The start timing of the program set in the management table may be registered previously or the message may include information indicating the start timing.

Abstract: In a distributed processing system including a plurality of programs distributed in a plurality of processing units and in which a program on reception side performs processing using a message transmitted from a program on transmission side, a management table for managing start of programs on reception side is provided in a processing unit in which the program on reception side is provided. A program utilizing the message transmitted from the transmission side is recognized and the recognized program is started at the start timing indicated in the management table. The start timing of the program set in the management table may be registered previously or the message may include information indicating the start timing.

Abstract: An information processing system and a communication method performed in the information processing system for performing data transmission effectively. The information processing system includes a plurality of information processing apparatuses and a communication line for interconnecting the plurality of information processing apparatuses. A sending information processing apparatus, when sending information to the plurality of information processing apparatuses, sends transmission information to one of the plurality of information processing apparatuses. The one information processing apparatus sends the received transmission information to the other information processing apparatuses of the plurality of information processing apparatuses.

Abstract: A database access system for a distributed system, in which the database access load is distributed among a plurality of gateways, and an arbitrary character code set can be used for database access. After the lapse of a predetermined time length, processings for particular database access are terminated. An error of a DBMS or a component on the gateway is detected by a client. The gateway detects an error of the client in connection. The client notifies the character code set identification information of the character code used for outputting the request to the gateway, and the gateway converts the character code for the request and a response to the client. The gateway receives an access request, secures the connection with a database access language conversion unit, and sends the language converted to a DBMS. In the absence of a response after the lapse of a predetermined time length, the connection with the database access language conversion unit is terminated and an error is notified to the client.

Abstract: Memory cells, which serve as basic cells, are arranged in a matrix pattern. The memory cells are each provided with a word line which is integral with the gate electrode of a switch element and which is formed of polysilicon. A metallic interconnection layer is arranged above the word line and is applied with substantially the same potential as the word line. The metallic interconnection layer and the word line are connected together via through-holes. The through-holes are formed in through-hole cells, which also serve as basic cells. The through-hole cells and the memory cells are arranged such that the number of rows of the former and the number of rows of the latter are in the ratio of one to at least two.

Abstract: Connection between internal batteries and external terminals of the battery pack is controlled by semiconductor switching devices, rather than by switches with mechanical contacts. When the battery pack Is not connected, battery short circuits are prevented by non-conduction of the switching devices. When the battery pack is attached to electrical equipment, a control circuit turns the switching devices on to supply power to the equipment. If the electrical equipment is a battery charger, the switching devices are turned on to supply power to the battery pack.

Abstract: An object management system is equipped with a single real object management system for managing a real file object such as data and a program based on a real directory object in a hierarchical structure, and also at least a single virtual object management system for managing a virtual file object corresponding to said file object based upon a virtual directory object which is independent of the directory object in a hierarchical structure.

Abstract: A plurality of standard cells are placed on a semiconductor substrate. A first aluminum wiring layer is connected to those standard cells. Below the first aluminum wiring layer, a second wiring layer is formed which is not connected to the standard cells and which, together with the first wiring layer, forms a capacitor. Between the first and second aluminum wiring layers, an insulating layer is formed. Wiring skew is adjusted by making through-holes in the insulating layer, and connecting the first and second aluminum wiring layers to each other via as many through-holes as required to vary the capacitance between them.

Abstract: A data processing system including a display unit for displaying a plurality of graphic patterns and names thereof corresponding to resources, and an input unit for selectively designating objects to be processed from graphic patterns or names being displayed. A file is provided for registering the graphic patterns and names corresponding to the resources in connection with each user. The graphic patterns and the names thereof specific to a user are read out from the file on the basis of user identifying information inputted in precedence to the data processing and this read out data is displayed on the display unit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to time-sharing computer system which includes a host computer system which operates in response to a host TSS command, a terminal computer system which is connected to the host computer system through a line and operates in response to a terminal TSS command, and a plurality of terminals which are connected to the terminal computer system. In this time-sharing system, the data processing in a terminal computer in response to a terminal TSS command input and the subsequent data processing in the host computer system in response to a host TSS command input can be carried out freely when the terminal is in a state of interaction with the host computer, without carrying out an end command of the host TSS a mode exchange operation. For this purpose, the system adopts the concept of a multiplexed TSS, which enables plural sessions to be simultaneously executed by the host computer system and the terminal computer system.

Abstract: A battery device for use as a power source for portable electric or electronic appliances. The battery device includes a case (28) which defines a closed space and which is made of hardly flammable and shock-resistant synthetic resin, and secondary batteries (35, 37) and a breaker (45) are disposed in the case. The breaker is connected to the electrodes of the secondary batteries and placed in a charge-discharge circuit including electrically conductive lines and detects the current in the charge-discharge circuit and the environmental temperature in the case, the arrangement being such that when the current or the environmental temperature exceeds a predetermined value, it cuts off the charge-discharge circuit and when the current or the environmental temperature falls below the predetermined value, it is automatically restored to its original state.