Abstract: A freshwater supply system that stores fresh water transported by transport ships in storage devices and takes out the fresh water from the freshwater storage devices at need to use the same. The system comprises management device that puts management information together and sends and receives various information of countries for demand of the fresh water, analysis information of the fresh water, and various information of transportation device for transportation of the fresh water to the countries. Magnitudes of movements, prices, origins of movement, and destinations of movement of the fresh water are decided from the information from the management device.

Abstract: In a filtering and purifying system, bacteria in raw water are sterilized efficiently with ultraviolet rays, chemicals and the like at a pretreating step. The number of microorganisms such as bacteria remaining in the treated water is reduced remarkably, and the residue of plankton and organic substances as nutrients for bacteria in treated water is reduced by a coagulating and filtering treatment. It is thus possible to solve a problem that the treated water is deteriorated with time due to propagation of the bacteria.

Abstract: Conventional purification apparatuses and operation methods therefor require continuous addition of coagulants as expendables in every operation, and the coagulants are expensive, thereby causing increase in operation cost, and furthermore, the operators have to convey and resupply the coagulant at regular intervals which further increases the operation cost owing to the personnel cost to be increased accordingly. The invention provides a purification apparatus and an operation method therefor, for coagulating and separating particularly the pollutant matter in sea water including oil and the like, which can regenerate and reuse the coagulant within the apparatus, without scarcely resupplying the coagulant and acid/alkali solutions. For disintegrating coagulated flocs and regenerating the coagulant from the sludge, a strong alkali solution and a strong acid solution are required.

Abstract: A freshwater supply system that stores fresh water transported by transport ships in storage devices and takes out the fresh water from the freshwater storage devices at need to use the same. The system comprises management device that puts management information together and sends and receives various information of countries for demand of the fresh water, analysis information of the fresh water, and various information of transportation device for transportation of the fresh water to the countries. Magnitudes of movements, prices, origins of movement, and destinations of movement of the fresh water are decided from the information from the management device.

Abstract: Water to be treated is passed through a membrane (net), magnetic floc positioned in a portion below a level of the water to be treated is deposited to a surface of the membrane, and the surface of the membrane with the magnetic floc deposited is moved to an atmospheric portion above the level of the water to be treated. In the atmospheric portion, excess water from the magnetic floc flows downward due to gravity to concentrate the magnetic floc. A permanent magnet is located near a position to which the membrane surface with the magnetic floc deposited thereon moves. There are further provided between the magnet and the membrane surface a moving body (shell) formed by a non-magnetic material, a spatula for scraping the magnetic floc from the moving body, and a sludge vessel in which a released magnetic floc is recovered.

Abstract: Coolant (3) whose boiling point is higher than the temperature of cooled SQUID elements (2) as cooled objects is poured into an inner container (37) for containing SQUID elements. The SQUID elements (2) are soaked in the coolant (3). Before the inner container (37) for containing SQUID elements is used, the coolant (3) is cooled and solidified by a refrigerator (7).

Abstract: Substances to be processed and a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution are enclosed in a process vessel, and a the process vessel is enclosed in an autoclave together with water. Oxidation processing of the substances is performed by changing the state in the autoclave and the process vessel to a supercritical state which is realized by heating an outer wall of the autoclave with a heater. Further, even if the substances leak from the process vessel, by oxidizing the leaking substances in the autoclave the leaking of the substances to the outside of an oxidation processing apparatus is prevented.

Abstract: A purification apparatus includes a first flow path for introducing and discharging water and magnetic field generation means provided on a way of in the flow path for giving a magnetic field in the flow path. The introduced water includes magnetic substances. In the flow path in which the magnetic field generation means is disposed and in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generation means, a second flow path is provided in such a manner that the second flow path is guided toward the outside from a region in which a magnetic gradient is decreased. Further, there are provided means for moving the magnetic substances in the vicinity of the second flow path, magnetic substance sensing means provided in the flow path, and control means for controlling in response to a signal from the sensing means an amount of the magnetic substances which flow through the second flow path.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for removing magnetic material from a flowing fluid such as water by magnetic separation has a single set of electromagnets which are used with a plurality of magnetic filters for continuous magnetic separation operation alternately without obstructing the flow of the fluid being processed. A high-gradient magnetic filter arrangement which passes through a magnetic field generated by the magnets is made up of at least two magnetic filters separated by a watertight partition. When the fluid being processed is flowing through one of the magnetic filters, the other filter is removed from the flow of the fluid into a magnetic filter housing which is separated from the fluid flow through the magnetic filter by means of partitions. Backwashing of this other magnetic filter is carried out while purification of the fluid being processed by the former magnetic filter continues uninterrupted.

Abstract: A magnetic separation apparatus which coagulates substances to be removed in liquid by adding magnetic substances and a flocculent to liquid to be treated and adsorbs and captures the thus obtained magnetic aggregates by utilizing magnetic field of magnetic substances which move relative to the liquid to be treated, and other magnetic separation apparatus comprising a magnetic filter which contains charging magnetic metallic elements placed in a magnetic field and which magnetically adsorbs and captures the magnetic aggregates, are appropriately combined to remove the magnetic aggregates from the liquid to be treated with good efficiency. Substances to be removed in liquid can be removed with further good efficiency by employing a method of separating the magnetic aggregates separated by the magnetic filter from liquid with a centrifugal separator.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for removing magnetic material from a flowing fluid such as water by magnetic separation has a single set of electromagnets which are used with a plurality of magnetic filters for continuous magnetic separation operation alternately without obstructing the flow of the fluid being processed. A high-gradient magnetic filter arrangement which passes through a magnetic field generated by the magnets is made up of at least two magnetic filters separated by a watertight partition. When the fluid being processed is flowing through one of the magnetic filters, the other filter is removed from the flow of the fluid into a magnetic filter housing which is separated from the fluid flow through the magnetic filter by means of partitions. Backwashing of this other magnetic filter is carried out while purification of the fluid being processed by the former magnetic filter continues uninterrupted.

Abstract: A plurality of cryopumps are installed in each of a plurality of neutral beam injection apparatuses disposed around a nuclear fusion apparatus.The cryopanels of each of the cryopumps are refrigerated by a small helium refrigerating machine. Since the cryopanels are refrigerated from room temperature with cold liquid nitrogen used for refrigerating a heat shield plate, then a small helium refrigerating machine and finally cold liquid helium itself, various valves and a small helium refrigerating machine are disposed. This permits refrigeration of a plurality of cryopumps within a short time, thereby saving the power consumption and improving the operating reliability of a refrigeration system.