Abstract: A process for producing a polymerized toner, comprising the step of polymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition containing a polymerizable monomer and a colorant in the presence of a polymerization initiator in an aqueous dispersion medium to form colored polymer particles, the process comprising the steps of mixing the polymerizable monomer with the colorant to prepare a polymerizable monomer mixture having an initial viscosity of 10 to 3,000 mPa·s or 0.3 to 1 mPa·s as measured at 25° C. by a Brookfield type viscometer, and then feeding the polymerizable monomer mixture to a media type dispersing machine to finely disperse the colorant by the media type dispersing machine, thereby preparing a dispersed polymerizable monomer mixture having a viscosity after the dispersion, the ratio of increase in viscosity of which is 1.0 to 10 times or 100 to 2,000 times as high as the initial viscosity.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a polymerized toner comprising a process for forming fine droplets of a polymerizable monomer composition in an aqueous dispersion medium, and a process for polymerizing the polymerizable monomer composition after the process for forming fine droplets; wherein the process for forming fine droplets has the steps of: preparing an agitating apparatus having an agitator equipped with an agitating blade or rotor and a dispersion supply tank; providing a polymerizable monomer composition and an aqueous dispersion medium into the dispersion supply tank; then, mixing the polymerizable monomer composition and the aqueous dispersion medium by the agitator to obtain a dispersion of fine droplets; and the relationship between the peripheral velocity of the agitating blade or rotor of the agitator and the number of circulations of the dispersion is controlled.

Abstract: To cancel an error in GPS wave propagation time and calculate a relative position of a car running nearby to the own car position with good accuracy, a relative car positioning system using car communication includes a car communication transceiver, a GPS receiving device, a GPS information transmission/reception device, and a relative positioning device. A relative position is determined by determining a GPS wave propagation time difference from a GPS satellite, a wave of which is received by the car running nearby and the own car in common. The difference between the data of GPS wave propagation time at the car running nearby and the data of GPS wave propagation time at the own car is calculated, and if the number of differences of the GPS wave propagation time is obtained by more than three pieces, a relative position of the car running nearby is calculated by solving simultaneous equations expression the relative position as an unknown quantity.

Abstract: A relative distance and relative velocity to a target object is accurately estimated even if an error in slopes of the triangular wave modulation, that is unbalanced upward and downward slopes, or error in absolute values in an FMCW radar exists. A first distance estimator estimates a distance up to the target object based on a sum of a beat wave frequency generated between the upward and downward slopes of the triangular wave and an absolute value of an average frequency modulation factor which is a mean value of frequency modulation factors for the upward and downward slopes of the triangular wave, and a first velocity estimator estimates a relative velocity to the target object based on a time difference of the calculated distance.