Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed, which has at least one compound represented general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R represents an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group; both L and Time represent a divalent organic group; t represents 0 or 1; PUG represents a photographically useful group; Y represents --SO.sub.2 --, --Y'--SO.sub.2 --, or ##STR2## and Y' represents --O--, --NH--, or ##STR3## The material has a broad exposure latitude in line image-taking work and has a high resolving power in the work. It can form an ultrahard image having a high gamma value of 10 or more. The material may excellently reproduce a line original to form an ultrahard image having a high background density. It also has a broad exposure latitude in halftone dot image-taking work and can form a halftone dot image having ultrahigh contrast with high image quality.

Abstract: The silver halide photographic material capable of providing very high contrast negative images is disclosed, which has at least one silver halide photographic emulsion layer on a support, wherein the silver halide photographic emulsion layer or another hydrophilic colloid layer provided on the support contains a nucleating agent represented by formula (Ia), (Ib) or (Ic): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.21, R.sub.31, Y.sub.11, Y.sub.21, A.sub.11, A.sub.12 and G.sub.11 are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material comprising a film support having thereon at least one hydrophilic colloid layer, at least one of which is a photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the film support is a polyester film having a water content of at least 0.5 wt %, and at least one gelatin-containing layer contains a vinylsulfone based film hardening agent.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material which comprises a support having thereon at least one hydrophilic colloid layer being a silver halide photographic emulsion layer, and at least one hydrophilic colloid layer containing a compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 both represent a hydrogen atom, or one of A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom and the other is a sulfonyl group or an acyl group; R.sub.1 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group; G.sub.1 represents a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfoxy group, a group of ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group, a group of ##STR3## or an iminomethylene group; X.sub.1 represents a residue of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring; and at least one of R.sub.1 and X.sub.1 having an adsorption-accelerating group on silver halide.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material having provided on a support at least one kind of light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and contains polymer particles having a mean size of 0.2 to 10 microns as a matting agent in an outermost layer or in a layer neighboring the outermost layer, wherein the polymer particles containing at least one kind of reactive functional group capable of forming a covalent bond by reacting with an organic hardener or a binder to prevent the falling-off and elution of the particles from the material during rapid photographic processing.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material having at least one hydrophilic colloid layer, wherein at least one hydrophilic colloid layer is a silver halide photographic emulsion layer, and at least one hydrophilic colloid layer contains a compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 both represent hydrogen atoms, or one of them represents a hydrogen atom and the other represents a sulfonyl group or ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.0 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group, and l.sub.1 represents 1 or 2); G represents ##STR3## (wherein m.sub.1 represents 1 or 2), --SO.sub.2 --, --SO--, ##STR4## (wherein R.sub.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material which comprises a support having thereon at least one hydrophilic colloid layer, wherein at least one hydrophilic colloid layer is a silver halide photographic emulsion layer, and at least one hydrophilic colloid layer contains a compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 both represent a hydrogen atom, or one of A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom and the other is a sulfonyl group or an acyl group; R.sub.1 represent an aliphatic group or an aromatic group; Y.sub.1 represents a divalent linking group; G.sub.1 represents a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfoxy group, a group of ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group, a group of ##STR3## or an iminomethylene group; and Z.sub.1 represents a residue of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: A functional thin organic membrane comprising a monomolecular film which contains at least one organic amphoteric host molecule having a reactive functional group capable of chemically binding with a nucleophilic functional group at room temperature.

Abstract: A method of hardening gelatin comprising adding to the gelatin to be hardened at least one compound represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein L represents a divalent organic group, R represents a hydrogen atom or a univalent organic group, A represents a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring which may be condensed with another ring, M.sup..sym. represents a hydrogen ion, an alkali metal ion or an ammonium ion, and n has a value of 1 or 2 or 3. The method may be applied to various processes involving hardening of gelatin, such as processes for forming various photographic materials or microcapsules.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least one photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein a 5-pyrazolone type 2-equivalent coupler is present in the photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer or a layer adjacent thereto and a hardening agent which acts by activating a carboxy group is present in a photosensitive or non-photosensitive photographic layer of the silver halide color photographic material.

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material containing a novel gelatin hardener is disclosed, which comprises as a gelatin hardener at least one compound represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together represent a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an alkoxy group; and R.sup.4 represents a chemical bond, or an alkylene group, an arylene group, or a divalent group composed of these groups. The compound represented by formula (I) provides rapid hardening progress, prevents after-hardening, and does not undergo hardening inhibition when applied to silver halide color photographic materials.

Abstract: A process for hardening gelatin, which comprises incorporating in a gelatin-containing material at least one hardening compound represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Z represents non-metallic atoms necessary for the formation of a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring which may optionally be substituted, X.sup..crclbar. represents an anion, and n represents 0 or 1 provided that when n represents 0, the compound forms an inner salt. The gelatin hardeners can rapidly harden gelatin with little or no post-hardening and react with reactive groups of gelatin with high selectivity.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material comprising a support and at least two silver halide emulsion layers on one or both sides of the support, wherein at least one of silver halide emulsion layers contains a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) and/or dextran: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, and are each a hydrogen atom, or a group having 10 or less carbon atoms and selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may combine together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring; L is an (m+1)-valent connecting group; n is 0 or 1; and m is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A novel photographic element is disclosed. The element comprises a light-sensitive element including a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer coated on a support, wherein said silver halide emulsion layer or other photographic layers contain at least one development inhibitor precursor represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein A represents a phenyl group or a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring group; L represents a chemical bond or divalent linking group; p and q each represents an integer of 1 or 2; and n represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: A hardening method for gelatin which comprises using as a hardening agent a compound represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; or two of said R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are combined with each other to form a ring (1); or 3 or more of said R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are combined with each other to form a condensed ring (2); X represents a group capable of being released when the compound shown by formula (I) reacts with a nucleophilic reagent; Y.sup..crclbar. represents an anion; or Y.sup..crclbar. is combined with one of X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4, ring (1), or ring (2) to form an anionic portion of an intramolecular salt.

Abstract: A method for hardening gelatin is disclosed, which comprises incorporating in a gelatin-containing material at least one compound represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aralkyl group, or an aryl group, or any two of R.sup.1 R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are bound to each other to form a ring, or any three or more of them are bound to each other to form a condensed ring, X represents a group capable of being eliminated when the compound represented by formula (I) reacts with a nucleophilic reagent, and Y.crclbar. represents an anion.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material containing a hardener capable of exerting a hardening effect through activation of a carboxyl group and a magenta coupler of the pyrazoloazole type, whereby lowering of color density of magenta images due to use of rapidly acting hardeners can be prevented.

Abstract: A hardened gelatin and a method for obtaining the hardened gelatin are described, using at least one compound represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein all symbols are as defined in the appended claims. The compounds of formula (I) are high in hardening speed and cause little or no post-hardening. Thus these compounds are very useful, for example, in preparation of a light-sensitive material.

Abstract: A photographic element comprised of a support having provided thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer, the element containing a development inhibitor precursor, is disclosed. The development inhibitor precursor is a compound represented by following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A represents an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group or a 5-membered or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring; Q represents a naphthalene skeleton; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent; and n represents 1 or 2. The photographic element gives improved image quality particularly in the low Dmin area. The element can be processed over a wide range of different processing temperatures and has improved preservability.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed wherein at least one gelatin-containing layer thereof contains at least one nonionic surface active agent having reactive groups, the agent being represented by the following formula (I), (II) or (III) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 ' each represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxyl, acyl, amido, sulfonamido, carbamoyl, or sulfamoyl group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or aryl group, or a heteroaromatic ring, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may combine to form a ring; m.sub.1 and m.sub.2, which may be the same or different, are 2 to 40, each representing the average degree of polymerization of ethylene oxide; m.sub.3 is 0 or 1; and n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 represent the ratios in the copolymer, and n.sub.1 is 1 to 100 and n.sub.2 is 0 to 99, the sum thereof being 100.