Abstract: A thermal treatment apparatus includes a treatment tank including a treatment chamber to perform thermal treatment on toner particles; a toner particle supply unit configured to supply toner particles into the treatment chamber; and a hot air supply unit including a supply port to supply hot air into the treatment chamber. The supply port of the hot air supply unit is disposed on a ceiling of the treatment chamber. The treatment tank further includes: a columnar member that is vertically disposed at the center inside of the treatment chamber; and a protruded member that is disposed at an upper end of the columnar member and has an approximately conical shape protruding toward the ceiling. The columnar member has a cylindrical shape and a radius of curvature RCP (mm) of an upper end edge in a vertical cross-section thereof is 5<RCP<75.

Abstract: A toner includes a toner particle containing a binder resin containing a crystalline polyester. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the toner is heated to 180° C. at a rate of 10° C./min, then cooled to 25° C. at a rate of 10° C./min and successively from 25° C. to 15° C. at a rate of 3° C./min, and heated again to 180° C. at a rate of 10° C./min. As a result, an exothermic amount P1 when the toner is cooled from 80° C. to 40° C. is 1.00 J/g or less, an exothermic amount P2 when the toner is cooled from 25° C. to 15° C. is 0.10 J/g or more, and when a sum of endothermic amounts P3 (J/g) when the toner is heated again from 40° C. to 180° C. and a sum of exothermic amounts P4 (J/g) when the toner is cooled from 180° C. to 40° C. satisfies 2.0 ? P3-P4 ? 10.0.

Abstract: The toner comprises a toner particle that contains a binder resin, a polymer C, and a pigment, wherein at least a portion of the polymer C is bonded with at least a portion of the pigment; in solid-state NMR measurement at 60° C. using as a sample, a solid fraction collected according to a prescribed procedure in which the toner is dissolved in chloroform, transverse relaxation time T2 of a peak observed at 1.5 ppm to 2.5 ppm is 1.0 ms to 50.0 ms; and using a SPA (J/cm3)0.5 for a SP value of the binder resin and a SPB (J/cm3)0.5 for a SP value of the polymer C, the SPA and the SPB satisfy a following formula (1). 1.0?SPA?SPB?2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin and a release agent. The binder resin contains an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin, and a content of the crystalline resin is 1.0% to 20.0% by mass based on a mass of the binder resin. In a cross-section of the toner particle observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy, (i) there exist a matrix A of the amorphous resin and domains A of the release agent dispersed in the matrix A, (ii) the domains A each include a matrix B of the release agent and domains B of the crystalline resin dispersed in the matrix B, and (iii) the domains A are each covered with the crystalline resin and an average coverage of the domains A by the crystalline resin is 70% or more.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, wherein the binder resin comprises an amorphous polyester A and a crystalline polyester C; the amorphous polyester A has an amorphous polyester segment a1 and a2; the amorphous polyester segment a2 has a monomer unit of a specific alcohol a0; the crystalline polyester C is a polymer having a crystalline polyester segment c2 and a crystalline segment c1 bonded to the end of the crystalline polyester segment c2; the crystalline polyester segment c2 has a monomer unit of a specific alcohol b0; an absolute value of a difference between a carbon number of the linear aliphatic polyhydric alcohol a0 and a carbon number of the linear aliphatic polyhydric alcohol b0 is 4 or less; and SP values of the polyester segment a1 and a2, and the crystalline segment c1 and the crystalline polyester segment c2 satisfy specific relationships.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin containing an amorphous polyester A and a crystalline polyester C, and a wax, and a silica fine particle, wherein the content of the crystalline polyester C is within a specific range, the softening point of the amorphous polyester A satisfies a specific relationship, and in an X-ray diffraction spectrum under a specific temperature condition for the toner, there is a peak corresponding to the crystalline polyester C, a wax index AW1 and a crystalline polyester index AC1 of the toner satisfy a specific relationship, the silica fine particle contains a silica fine particle A having a maximum diameter of primary particle in a specific range, and the average coverages of the surface of the toner before and after the toner is treated with hexane with the silica fine particle A satisfy a specific relationship.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a colorant, a binder resin, and calcium carbonate particles, wherein an amount of the colorant in the toner particle is from 1.0 to 20.0% by mass; the binder resin comprises a polyester resin; the polyester resin has an aromatic ring concentration of from 50 to 70 mol %; a surface of the calcium carbonate particles is coated with a fatty acid; an amount of the calcium carbonate particles in the toner particle is from 1.0 to 15.0% by mass; a number average particle diameter of the calcium carbonate particles is from 150 nm to 800 nm.

Abstract: A toner having high rub resistance is provided. A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin and a calcium carbonate particle, wherein in X-ray diffractometry of the toner particle by CuK? radiation, when the Bragg angle is defined as ?, (i) the calcium carbonate particle has peaks at 2? of 26.5°±0.5° and 29.5°±0.5°, (ii) a crystallite diameter of crystals thereof attributed to 2?=29.5°±0.5° is 10 nm or more and 45 nm or less, and (iii) the ratio (a/b) of a peak intensity “a” at 2?=26.5°±0.5° to a peak intensity “b” at 20?=29.5°±0.5° is 0.15 or more and 0.24 or less.

Abstract: To provide a toner having both low temperature fixability and hot offset resistance and having excellent scratch resistance of a fixed image. A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin, a crystalline polyester, and a calcium carbonate particle, in which the crystalline polyester includes a unit derived from an aliphatic diol and a unit derived from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, an ester group concentration Ec of the crystalline polyester is 27% by mass or more to 50% by mass or less, a content Ma of the calcium carbonate particle included in the toner particle is 3% by mass or more to 40% by mass or less, and a ratio (Ma/Mc) of the content Ma of the calcium carbonate particle included in the toner particle to a content Mc (% by mass) of the crystalline polyester included in the toner particle is 0.2 or more to 20 or less.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a toner includes a pigment crushing step of kneading a pigment, a binder, and a grinding agent to obtain a pigment dispersion in which the grinding agent and the crushed pigment are dispersed in the binder; and a step of obtaining toner particles by a predetermined method using the pigment dispersion. The binder and the grinding agent are contained in the resulting toner particles.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle which contains: a resin component containing a binder resin; and an inorganic fine particle, the inorganic fine particle is at least one inorganic fine particle selected from the group consisting of (i) a particle containing CaCO3, (ii) a particle containing BaSO4, (iii) a particle containing Mg3Si4O10(OH)2, and (iv) a particle containing Al2Si2O5(OH)4, a number average particle diameter Dc of a primary particle of the inorganic fine particle is 100 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, when a cross section of the toner particle is observed, an inorganic fine particle domain A having a dispersion diameter of 2.0 times or more of Dc is present in the cross section, and the inorganic fine particle and the inorganic fine particle domain A occupy a specific percentage of an area in the cross section of the toner particle.