Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery, comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution, the nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing as a flame retardant a compound of the general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2, which are the same or different, each represents a group that is selected from a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkylcarbonyl, lower cycloalkyl or aryl group, and that may have a substituent, or R1 and R2 taken together are a methylene group that may have a substituent, or R1 and R2 taken together form a ring structure containing a nitrogen atom to which R1 and R2 are attached, the ring structure being a five-membered or six-membered hydrocarbon ring that may have one or two oxo groups, or a five-membered or six-membered heterocycle that may further contain a nitrogen atom; n is 0 or 1; when n is 0, R3 is a group that is selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, low

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains at least a cyclic nitrogen-containing compound represented by the general formula (1): wherein X represents an optionally branched divalent group derived from a chain saturated hydrocarbon and having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, ?C?CH2, ?C?O, ?C?S?O, ?O or ?S; and A1 and A2 may be the same or different and each represent an optionally substituted methylene group, ?C?O or ?SO2.

Abstract: Provided is a diverter 15 capable of diverting banknotes in multiple directions and performing high-speed diversion of banknotes. A diversion member 21 rotationally moves to at least three stopping positions including a first stopping position connecting a first transport path 11 and a second transport path 12 to form a first transport passage, a second stopping position connecting the first transport path 11 and a third transport path 13 to form a second transport passage and a third stopping position connecting transport paths other than the first transport path 11 to form a third transport passage. The rotation speed of the diversion member 21 between the first stopping position and the second stopping position is lower than that between the first stopping position and the third stopping position and that between the second stopping position and the third stopping position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having excellent cleaning property for an electrophotographic photoreceptor and capable of forming a high-quality, high-resolution image. A surface free energy (?) of a photoreceptor (2), which is provided in the image forming apparatus (1), is set to 20 to 35 mN/m. A volume average diameter of toner particles included in a developer stored in a developing unit (29) to develop an electrostatic latent image and form a toner image is set to 4-7 ?m When ? of the photoreceptor (2) is set to within a small range as the particle size of toner is reduced, even small-particle-size toner having increased specific surface area and largely affected by a inter-molecular force is limited in adhesion to the surface of the photoreceptor (2) to provide a good cleaning property and a high-quality image can be formed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor containing a conductive substrate and at least a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer successively layered on the substrate, wherein the charge transporting layer contains a charge transporting material (M) and a binder resin (B) and further has a layered structure composed of a plurality of the charge transporting layers wherein the outermost layer of the charge transporting layers show 50% or higher elastic power (?Hu) and hardness (Hplast) of plastic deformation in a range from 220 N/mm2 or higher to 275 N/mm2 or lower.

Abstract: In addition to storing cassettes (16a) to (16f) that store banknotes that are dispensed when money is normally dispensed, a bait money storing portion (14) is provided that stores bait money serving as an emergency banknote to be dispensed in case of an emergency. When the bait money is requested to be dispensed in case of an emergency, the bait money is forcibly transported from the bait money storing portion (14) to a banknote outlet, with the result that the bait money is dispensed quickly.

Abstract: To provide a secondary battery that is capable of shortening injecting time for injecting an electrolytic solution, and infiltrating the electrolytic solution uniformly, during a process for preparing the secondary battery. Also, to provide the secondary battery in which discordance of layers of positive-electrode plates, negative-electrode plates, and separators does not easily occur during a process for laminating them and the following process.

Abstract: To suppress generation of a joint when detaching an applicator roll and cylindrical substrate from each other in a simple control to form a coating film having a uniform thickness efficiently on the cylindrical substrate is provided. A coating liquid is supplied from a pan to an applicator roll via a metalling roll, the applicator roll supplied with the coating liquid and a cylindrical substrate provided so as to be close to or in contact with the applicator roll are rotated. The coating liquid is transferred from the applicator roll to the cylindrical substrate, and the cylindrical substrate is rotated in a predetermined number. Thereafter, such control is carried out that the circumferential speed V1 of one of the applicator roll and the cylindrical substrate is higher than the circumferential speed V2 of the other when detaching the applicator roll and the cylindrical substrate from each other.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided that in excellent in the electrical characteristics such as the charging property, the sensitivity and the responsiveness, the oxidizing gas resistance such as the ozone resistance and the nitrogen oxide resistance, and the electrical durability such that even after repetition use the foregoing excellent electrical characteristics are not deteriorated. A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor contains an amine compound represented by the general formula (1).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor using a non-contact type charging process has a creep value CI? of is 2.70% or more, preferably 3.00% or more, and a Vickers hardness (HV) at its surface of 20?HV?25 in a case where a maximum indenting load of 30 mN is loaded to the surface under a circumstance at a temperature of 25° C. and at a relative humidity of 50%. Since such an electrophotographic photoreceptor is excellent in flexibility and has plasticity not too soft nor exhibiting fragility, the amount of film reduction due to wear is decreased during long time use, excellent surface smoothness is ensured, and there is no occurrence of injury or unevenness in density to the formed images.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprising a conductive substrate and at least a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer successively layered on the substrate, wherein the charge transporting layer comprises a charge transporting material (M) and a binder resin (B) which contains, as a main component, a compound represented by the general formula (1): in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8, may be the same or different each other and each independently denote a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl group; and R9 and R10 may be the same or different each other and each independently denote a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, a saturated cyclic C4 to C10 hydrocarbyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; and n denotes an integer: and further has a layered structure composed of a plurality of said charge transporting layers wherein the outermost layer of the said charge tran

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an image forming apparatus being excellent in cleaning property for an electrophotographic photoreceptor and capable of forming a high-quality, high-resolution image. A surface free energy (?) of a photoreceptor (2) which is provided in the image forming apparatus (1) and is exposed to a light corresponding to image information for formation of an electrostatic latent image is set to 20 to 35 mN/m. A volume average diameter of a toner particles included in a developer stored in a developing unit (29) to develop an electrostatic latent image and form a toner image is set to 4-7 mum.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate and a photoreceptive layer formed on the conductive substrate wherein the photoreceptive layer charged uniformly is exposed to light corresponding to an image information to form an electrostatic latent image, the surface free energy (?) is determined to be at least 20 mN/m and at most 35 mN/m. The determination of ? on the surface of the photoreceptor 1 in the appropriate range makes it possible to suppress excessive adhesion of a toner to the surface of the photoreceptor, to suppress adhesion of foreign matters such as a paper powder and to make easy the separation thereof from the surface, which results in improving the cleanability of the photoreceptor. Since the image is formed with the photoreceptor 1 having always the clean surface, the damage or the decrease in image quality does not occur over a long period of time.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided that in excellent in the electrical characteristics such as the charging property, the sensitivity and the responsiveness, the oxidizing gas resistance such as the ozone resistance and the nitrogen oxide resistance, and the electrical durability such that even after repetition use the foregoing excellent electrical characteristics are not deteriorated. A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor contains an amine compound represented by the general formula (1).

Abstract: To suppress generation of a joint when detaching an applicator roll and cylindrical substrate from each other in a simple control to form a coating film having a uniform thickness efficiently on the cylindrical substrate is provided. A coating liquid is supplied from a pan to an applicator roll via a metalling roll, the applicator roll supplied with the coating liquid and a cylindrical substrate provided so as to be close to or in contact with the applicator roll are rotated. The coating liquid is transferred from the applicator roll to the cylindrical substrate, and the cylindrical substrate is rotated in a predetermined number. Thereafter, such control is carried out that the circumferential speed V1 of one of the applicator roll and the cylindrical substrate is higher than the circumferential speed V2 of the other when detaching the applicator roll and the cylindrical substrate from each other.

Abstract: In the present invention, a filler element 20 formed of a viscoelastic material with a compressive residual strain of 10% or less and a 25% compressive load of 1 kg/cm2, having a specific shape, is mounted in a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive body (photosensitive drum) 10. The filler element 20 has a sufficient restoring force when deformed, so that it can be fixed to position without an adhesive. Also, the filler element 20 is not moved by vibration or shock during repeated use, and good anti-vibration effect can be maintained.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate and a photoreceptive layer formed on the conductive substrate wherein the photoreceptive layer charged uniformly is exposed to light corresponding to an image information to form an electrostatic latent image, the surface free energy (&ggr;) is determined to be at least 20 mN/m and at most 35 mN/m. The determination of &ggr; on the surface of the photoreceptor 1 in the appropriate range makes it possible to suppress excessive adhesion of a toner to the surface of the photoreceptor, to suppress adhesion of foreign matters such as a paper powder and to make easy the separation thereof from the surface, which results in improving the cleanability of the photoreceptor. Since the image is formed with the photoreceptor 1 having always the clean surface, the damage or the decrease in image quality does not occur over a long period of time.

Abstract: In the present invention, a filler element 20 formed of a viscoelastic material with a compressive residual strain of 10% or less and a 25% compressive load of 1 kg/cm2, having a specific shape, is mounted in a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive body (photosensitive drum) 10. The filler element 20 has a sufficient restoring force when deformed, so that it can be fixed to position without an adhesive. Also, the filler element 20 is not moved by vibration or shock during repeated use, and good anti-vibration effect can be maintained.