Abstract: An epitaxial substrate includes: a single crystal substrate including projections arranged in an array on a plane. Each projection has a conical or pyramidal shape tapered in a normal direction to the plane. The AlN layer includes: a first AlN crystal covering the plane and the projections with tips of the projections being exposed; second AlN crystals protruding from the tips of the projections along the normal direction and each having a shape of a column whose cross-sectional area increases as a distance from a tip of a corresponding projection increases; and a third AlN crystal as a layer interconnecting ends of the second AlN crystals, opposite the single crystal substrate.

Abstract: An epitaxial substrate includes: a single crystal substrate including projections arranged in an array on a plane. Each projection has a conical or pyramidal shape tapered in a normal direction to the plane. The AlN layer includes: a first AlN crystal covering the plane and the projections with tips of the projections being exposed; second AlN crystals protruding from the tips of the projections along the normal direction and each having a shape of a column whose cross-sectional area increases as a distance from a tip of a corresponding projection increases; and a third AlN crystal as a layer interconnecting ends of the second AlN crystals, opposite the single crystal substrate.

Abstract: The organic electroluminescence element includes: a moisture-proof substrate; a light emitting stack including a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode; and an enclosing member bonded to the substrate to enclose the stack. The element further includes a light-outcoupling structure provided on a side of the substrate facing the first electrode and having an uneven structure made of material having a refractive index almost equal to or lower than a refractive index of the substrate. The uneven structure includes a plane divided into a matrix of sections, and multiple protruded parts having almost same heights individually allocated to desired sections of the matrix. With regard to an arbitrary region of the plane, a ratio of a total area of one or some of the multiple protruded parts in the arbitrary region to an area of the arbitrary region is almost constant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element in which a transparent first electrode, an organic light emitting layer, a second electrode are stacked on a translucent substrate in this order. The translucent substrate includes a moisture-proof layer facing the first electrode. An LR layer and an HR layer having a refractive index higher than a refractive index of the LR layer are situated between the moisture-proof layer and the first electrode in this order from the moisture-proof layer. An uneven structure is provided at an interface between the LR layer and the HR layer. A linear expansivity ? of the moisture-proof layer, and a linear expansivity ? of the LR layer, and a linear expansivity ? of the HR layer satisfy a relation of ?????.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescence element including: a substrate having a light transmissive property; a light diffusion layer; a light transmissive electrode; a light reflective electrode; and multiple light emitting layers spaced from each other. With regard to the m-th light emitting layer being the m-th closest light emitting layer to the light reflective electrode, relations defined by following expressions (2) and (3) are satisfied. In the following expressions, ?m represents the weighted average emission wavelength, Ø(?m) represents the phase shift, nm(?m) represents the average refractive index of a medium filling a space between the light reflective electrode and the m-th light emitting layer, and dm represents the distance from the light reflective electrode to the m-th light emitting layer. l is an integer equal to or more than 0. ? [ FORMULA ? ? 1 ] ? ? ( ? m ) × ? m 4 ? ? ? + l + 0.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescence element including: a substrate having a light transmissive property; a light diffusion layer; a light transmissive electrode; a light reflective electrode; and multiple light emitting layers spaced from each other. With regard to the m-th light emitting layer being the m-th closest light emitting layer to the light reflective electrode, relations defined by following expressions (2) and (3) are satisfied. In the following expressions, ?m represents the weighted average emission wavelength, Ø(?m) represents the phase shift, nm(?m) represents the average refractive index of a medium filling a space between the light reflective electrode and the m-th light emitting layer, and dm represents the distance from the light reflective electrode to the m-th light emitting layer. 1 is an integer equal to or more than 0. ? ? ( ? m ) × ? m 4 ? ? ? + l + 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element in which a transparent first electrode, an organic light emitting layer, a second electrode are stacked on a translucent substrate in this order. The translucent substrate includes a moisture-proof layer facing the first electrode. An LR layer and an HR layer having a refractive index higher than a refractive index of the LR layer are situated between the moisture-proof layer and the first electrode in this order from the moisture-proof layer. An uneven structure is provided at an interface between the LR layer and the HR layer. A linear expansivity ? of the moisture-proof layer, and a linear expansivity ? of the LR layer, and a linear expansivity ? of the HR layer satisfy a relation of ?????.

Abstract: The organic electroluminescence element includes: a moisture-proof substrate; a light emitting stack including a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode; and an enclosing member bonded to the substrate to enclose the stack. The element further includes a light-outcoupling structure provided on a side of the substrate facing the first electrode and having an uneven structure made of material having a refractive index almost equal to or lower than a refractive index of the substrate. The uneven structure includes a plane divided into a matrix of sections, and multiple protruded parts having almost same heights individually allocated to desired sections of the matrix. With regard to an arbitrary region of the plane, a ratio of a total area of one or some of the multiple protruded parts in the arbitrary region to an area of the arbitrary region is almost constant.

Abstract: A composite substrate includes a moisture-proof substrate, and a resin substrate pasted on a surface of the moisture-proof substrate. The resin substrate is formed to be smaller than the moisture-proof substrate in planar view. An end side of the resin substrate is an inclined face that is inclined inward. In an organic electroluminescence device, an organic light-emitting multilayer provided on a surface of the resin substrate is sealed with a sealing member. A moisture-proof film coats at least part of the surface of the resin substrate in which no lead-out electrode is formed.

Abstract: The organic electroluminescence element in accordance with the present invention, includes: a substrate; a light-emitting stack on a face of the substrate; a covering substrate provided so as to face the face of the substrate; and a sealing bond surrounding the light-emitting stack and bonding the substrate and the covering substrate to enclose the light-emitting stack together with the covering substrate and the substrate. The sealing bond includes a bonding layer and a low moisture permeable layer, and the low moisture permeable layer is lower in moisture permeability and thicker than the bonding layer.

Abstract: The organic electroluminescence element in accordance with the present invention includes: a substrate; a light-outcoupling layer situated on a surface of the substrate; a light-emitting layer situated on a face on an opposite side of the light-outcoupling layer from the substrate; a sealing base situated facing the face of the light-outcoupling layer; and a sealing bond formed to enclose the light-emitting layer and bond the sealing base to the face of the light-outcoupling layer. The light-outcoupling layer includes: a first portion where the light-emitting layer is situated; a second portion where the sealing bond is situated; and a groove spatially separating the first portion from the second portion.

Abstract: A composite substrate includes a moisture-proof substrate, and a resin substrate pasted on a surface of the moisture-proof substrate. The resin substrate is formed to be smaller than the moisture-proof substrate in planar view. An end side of the resin substrate is an inclined face that is inclined inward. In an organic electroluminescence device, an organic light-emitting multilayer provided on a surface of the resin substrate is sealed with a sealing member. A moisture-proof film coats at least part of the surface of the resin substrate in which no lead-out electrode is formed.

Abstract: The organic electroluminescent device includes: a first electrode of conductive and light transmissive material; a light emitting layer of organic material on the first electrode; a second electrode of conductive material on the layer; first and second terminal parts placed on first and second ends of the layer in a first direction crossing a thickness direction of the layer and coupled to the first and second electrodes, respectively; and an auxiliary electrode which is on the first electrode and beside the layer in a second direction crossing the thickness direction and the first direction and coupled to the first electrode, and has an elongated shape extending in the first direction, and made of material having specific resistance smaller than the first electrode, and includes portions with different thicknesses such that sheet resistance is increased with an increase in distance from the first terminal part in a lengthwise direction thereof.

Abstract: The organic electroluminescent device includes: a first electrode of conductive and light transmissive material; a light emitting layer of organic material on the first electrode; a second electrode of conductive material on the layer; first and second terminal parts placed on first and second ends of the layer in a first direction crossing a thickness direction of the layer and coupled to the first and second electrodes, respectively; and an auxiliary electrode which is on the first electrode and beside the layer in a second direction crossing the thickness direction and the first direction and coupled to the first electrode, and has an elongated shape extending in the first direction, and made of material having specific resistance smaller than the first electrode, and includes portions with different thicknesses such that sheet resistance is increased with an increase in distance from the first terminal part in a lengthwise direction thereof.

Abstract: A highly sensitive and compactable target substance sensor for detection of the target substance using a photonic crystal and a method thereof. The sensor includes an electromagnetic wave source of supplying an electromagnetic wave, a photonic sensor element, and a detector. The photonic sensor element has photonic crystalline structure and is configured to include a sensor waveguide for introducing the electromagnetic wave, and a sensing resonator electromagnetically coupled to the sensor waveguide for resonating the electromagnetic wave at specific wavelength. The sensing resonator is exposed to an atmosphere including the target substance so as to vary a characteristic of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the sensing resonator. The detector is configured to receive the electromagnetic wave emitted from the sensing resonator to recognize an intensity variation of the electromagnetic wave and issue a signal indicative of a characteristic of the target substance.

Abstract: A highly sensitive and compactible target substance sensor for detection of the target substance using a photonic crystal and a method thereof are provided. The sensor of the present invention includes an electromagnetic wave source of supplying an electromagnetic wave, a photonic sensor element, and a detector. The photonic sensor element has photonic crystalline structure and is configured to include a sensor waveguide for introducing the electromagnetic wave, and a sensing resonator electromagnetically coupled to the sensor waveguide for resonating the electromagnetic wave at specific wavelength. The sensing resonator is exposed to an atmosphere including the target substance so as to vary a characteristic of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the sensing resonator. The detector is configured to receive the electromagnetic wave emitted from the sensing resonator to recognize an intensity variation of the electromagnetic wave and issue a signal indicative of a characteristic of the target substance.

Abstract: In this electromagnetic wave frequency filter, an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined frequency matching a resonant frequency of a resonator 41 is transmitted from an input waveguide 2 to an output waveguide 3 through the resonator 41, and is outputted from a drop port P31. This filter has an input-waveguide-side reflector 211 and an output-waveguide-side reflector 311, which reflect the electromagnetic wave of the predetermined frequency. The electromagnetic wave frequency filter satisfies the following relation: Qinb/(1?cos ?1)<<Qv, Qinb/(1?cos ?1)=Qinr/(1?cos ?2), ?1, ?2?2N?(N=0, 1, . . .

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an electromagnetic wave frequency filter capable of transmitting an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined frequency between two waveguides with a high level of efficiency. This object is achieved by the following construction: A resonator 15 that resonates with the electromagnetic wave having the predetermined frequency is located between an input waveguide 13 and an output waveguide 14 and close to the two waveguides. The output waveguide 14 is designed so that it extends parallel to the input waveguide 13 within a predetermined section 18 located in proximity to the resonator 15, and its distance from the input waveguide 13 in the other section is larger than that in the predetermined section 18.

Abstract: In this electromagnetic wave frequency filter, an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined frequency matching a resonant frequency of a resonator 41 is transmitted from an input waveguide 2 to an output waveguide 3 through the resonator 41, and is outputted from a drop port P31. This filter has an input-waveguide-side reflector 211 and an output-waveguide-side reflector 311, which reflect the electromagnetic wave of the predetermined frequency. The electromagnetic wave frequency filter satisfies the following relation: Qinb/(1?cos ?1)<<QV, Qinb/(1?cos ?1)=Qinr/(1?cos ?2), ?1, ?2?2N? (N=0, 1, . . .

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an electromagnetic wave frequency filter capable of transmitting an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined frequency between two waveguides with a high level of efficiency. This object is achieved by the following construction: A resonator 15 that resonates with the electromagnetic wave having the predetermined frequency is located between an input waveguide 13 and an output waveguide 14 and close to the two waveguides. The output waveguide 14 is designed so that it extends parallel to the input waveguide 13 within a predetermined section 18 located in proximity to the resonator 15, and its distance from the input waveguide 13 in the other section is larger than that in the predetermined section 18.