Abstract: An electron beam irradiating apparatus continuously irradiates a running metal strip with an electron beam. An electron beam source can deflect the electron beam. At least one standby target is provided to receive the electron beam from the electron beam gun in a standby period in which the metal strip is not intended to be irradiated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus classifies and grades glossiness based on the visible feeling by the light reflection intensity distribution of a surface of a body, wherein specular reflection intensities and total reflection intensities are detected for two known light fluxes projected at predetermined incident angles. The specular reflection intensities and the total reflection intensities are processed, to thereby determine the glossiness of the work to be measured.

Abstract: In methods of automatically controlling the strip thickness in a rolling mill for producing a rolled product having a desired thickness and devices therefore, either an automatic gauge control (AGC) mode for controlling a deviation of the output thickness of a material being rolled from the predetermined desired uniform gauge thickness to be diminished to zero or an automatic reduction rate control(ARC) mode for controlling the rate of reduction of the material being rolled to a predetermined value is properly selected in accordance with the rolling condition, i.e., the degree of the actually measured output thickness deviation of the material or the progress of the rolling passes.