Abstract: In clutch-to-clutch upshifting, the occurrence of inertia shock is suppressed while racing of the engine is prevented. Corresponding to a first sweep control in which an engaging-side pressure sweeps up toward a target hydraulic pressure PTA, a releasing-side hydraulic pressure PB sweeps down as an initial control. When the releasing-side hydraulic pressure PB becomes a minute torque capacity [fPB(0)+PKEEP+PLS2T], a hold control, which has a very low gradient ?PB, is started so that the pressure is substantially held, and, after a rotation change is started, the pressure sweeps down with a low gradient ?PE2 until release.

Abstract: A received pulse signal based on an on-off keying modulation scheme is alternately sampled by AD conversion sections operated by a clock signal whose frequency is one-half of a transmission rate. In the synchronization, amounts of delay in sampling timing adjustment sections are made different from each other, whereby phases of two different points in a symbol pulse are sampled. An amount of delay in a variable delay section is adjusted in accordance with a result of comparison of the sampled values, thereby achieving synchronization. At the time of demodulation, the amount of delay in the variable delay section is held, and the amounts of delay in the sampling timing adjustment sections are switched to the same value, and the symbol pulse is alternately sampled. The sampled values are subjected to threshold value determination, and the determination result is subjected to parallel-to-serial conversion, whereby a demodulation output is acquired.

Abstract: A pulse transmitting device is provided to avoid interference between pulses due to multipath influence even in a high speed pulse transmission that is typical of a UWB by making use of a relatively simple method and to improve receiving quality. In the device, a pulse adjusting unit (110) generates pulses in response to transmitting data, a non-use interval setting unit (120) sets up a non-use interval where the pulses generated by the pulse adjusting unit (110) are not transmitted on the basis of a delay time that a delayed pulse caused by the multipath delays from a main pulse and takes until arriving at a communication partner. A pulse position adjusting unit (130) adjusts a pulse position not to transmit the pulses during the non-use pulse interval. An RF transmitting unit (140) converts the pulse, the position of which is adjusted by the pulse position adjusting unit, to a wireless frequency band and transmits a pulse wireless signal after the conversion to the communication partner.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a variable delay apparatus in which, even immediately after the delay amount of the variable delay apparatus is changed, a signal of a timing that is different from a set delay amount is not output. The variable delay apparatus of the invention includes: a variable delay block 108 having N (N is a natural number) delay elements 101a to 101n, and N selectors 102a to 102n; a variable delay block 109 having N delay elements 103a to 103n, and N selectors 104a to 104n; and a selector 107. After selection signals 105a to 105n and 106a to 106n are changed, and after an output timing of a delay amount set by the variable delay blocks 108, 109 is attained, the signal to be output is switched by the selector 107, thereby avoiding a situation where, immediately after the delay amount is changed, a signal of a timing that is different from the set delay amount is output as an output signal.

Abstract: A pulse signal reception device of a comparatively simple configuration detects a signal sampled at an optimal clock timing for a pulse modulation signal having a signal width shorter than a symbol frequency. In this device, a time division unit (103) samples a data signal at a clock signal rise edge and outputs the sampled data signals to counters (104-1 to 104-3), respectively. The counters (104-1 to 104-3) count the number of High levels when the data signal becomes High level within a predetermined period, and a maximum value detection unit (105) outputs maximum data string information on a data string counted by a counter in which the maximum number of High levels has been detected among the counters (104-1 to 104-3) to a selection data judgment unit (106). The selection data judgment unit (106) judges which data string sampled at a particular timing is to be selected as a demodulation data string.

Abstract: A pulse transmitter having a relatively simple structure and generating a pulse modulating signal even at a high transmission rate. In the pulse transmitter, a symbol pulse generating part (103) generates a symbol pulse of amplitude level ? when data S1 is “0,” and that of amplitude level &ggr; when data S1 is “1” in the first pulse slot section, the data pulse generating part (104) generates a data pulse of amplitude level 0 when data S2 to Sn is “0,” and that of amplitude level ? when data S2 to Sn is “1” in a later pulse slot section. The relationship of the amplitude levels keep the relation ?<?<&ggr. An adder (105) adds the symbol pulse and the data pulse and outputs the sum as a pulse modulating signal.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus outputting a color image and a monochrome image obtains data for output image by RIP-convert of accepted image data, and extracts feature of the data for output image. When the data for output image is determined to correspond to a color image, the image forming apparatus outputs a color image corresponding to the data for output image, on condition that the feature satisfies a determination reference.

Abstract: In clutch-to-clutch upshifting, the occurrence of inertia shock is suppressed while racing of the engine is prevented. Corresponding to the first sweep control in which the engaging-side pressure sweeps up toward a target hydraulic pressure PTA, the releasing-side hydraulic pressure PB sweeps down as the initial control. When the releasing-side hydraulic pressure PB becomes a minute torque capacity [fPB(0)+PKEEP+PLS2T], the hold control, which has a very low gradient ?PB, is started so that the pressure is substantially held, and, after the rotation change is started, the pressure sweeps down with a low gradient ?PE2 until release.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is capable of minimizing the waste of fuel and variations in the air-fuel ratio by weakening a water hammer action occurring as a result of sudden closing of a needle valve and thus suppressing the occurrence of a bouncing phenomenon. A water hammer absorbing member is provided between an armature and an injection hole to absorb and damp a water hammer pressure wave produced by sudden closing of the needle valve. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the pressure wave propagated to the armature, to which the needle valve is integrally secured, and hence possible to reduce the amount of lift of the needle valve due to a bouncing phenomenon. Accordingly, the amount of fuel excessively discharged is reduced. Thus, it becomes possible to minimize the waste of fuel and variations in the air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve is capable of minimizing the waste of fuel and variations in the air-fuel ratio by weakening a water hammer action occurring as a result of sudden closing of a needle valve and thus suppressing the occurrence of a bouncing phenomenon. A water hammer absorbing member is provided between an armature and an injection hole to absorb and damp a water hammer pressure wave produced by sudden closing of the needle valve. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the pressure wave propagated to the armature, to which the needle valve is integrally secured, and hence possible to reduce the amount of lift of the needle valve due to a bouncing phenomenon. Accordingly, the amount of fuel excessively discharged is reduced. Thus, it becomes possible to minimize the waste of fuel and variations in the air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A vehicular navigation system which is enabled by inputting the name of a registered point to search for the corresponding registered point, including an information memory for storing, as registered point data, registered point name data and the district data where the registered point is located; an input device or devices for inputting a portion or the entire registered point name and district designation data for the registered point to be searched; a search engine for searching for the registered point that corresponds to a portion or the entire name input via the input device or devices, from the registered points which are stored in the information memory; and a display for displaying the searched registered points in a list, wherein the search engine searches for the registered point corresponding to the input district input by the input device or devices.

Abstract: A navigation system includes input means (1a) for entering a telephone number; an information storage device (3) for storing telephone-number data (3a), in which a location name inclusive of a set of coordinate is stored for each telephone number, address data (3b) in which an address is stored for each set of coordinates, and map data (3c); a central processor (4) having telephone-number retrieval means (4a) for retrieving, from the information storage device, location coordinates and location name of a telephone number entered by the input means, and address-data retrieval means (4b) for retrieving address data corresponding to the location coordinates of the telephone number entered by the input means; and display means (1b) for displaying a location name and address, which have been retrieved by the central processor, as well as a map centered on the location.

Abstract: A reaction area in a display can be enlarged from one directly above a switch display in the operator's eyesight direction. Specifically, the operator's position is determined from the driver's position or the like, and when the display is looked at to the right and upward, for instance, the reaction area is enlarged to the right and downward of a switch on the front side in the eyesight direction. Thus, operability can be improved in both cases when the display is looked at obliquely and diretly from the front.

Abstract: To improve the efficiency of a menu selecting operation, not only a menu of a predetermined hierarchy, but also at least one menu of a lower hierarchy corresponding to the predetermined hierarchy are displayed. If the lower hierarchy (first genre) menu is selected, the nationwide and individual state or region menus of the first genre are instantly displayed. If, on the other hand, the menu of predetermined hierarchy is selected from the main menu, individual genre menus of the same hierarchy as that of the lower hierarchy menu are displayed to enable selection of a different genre menu. The nationwide and state or regions menus of the selected genre are then displayed (at S8). As a result, the operation efficiency for selecting the first genre can be improved. Provision is also made for destination selection by input of a telephone number.

Abstract: A navigation system for guiding a vehicle to a destination in accordance with a predetermined route composed of roads and branching points. A data base stores the names of the roads, the names of the branching points, and information relating entry roads to exit roads. A first picture display is a route information screen listing at least the road names and the branching point names, which screen may be called up by a screen operating signal issued from an input switch. A controller reads the route information from the data base in response to the screen operating signal from the input switch and forms the listing displayed on the route information screen.

Abstract: An injector includes a casing having a through-hole extending along the axis thereof from a front end surface thereof to a rear end surface thereof; a valve housing inserted in the through-hole through the front end surface and adapted for slidably guiding a valve; a fuel pipe inserted in the through-hole through the rear end surface; and a solenoid coil disposed in a space defined between the outer peripheral surface of the fuel pipe and the inner peripheral surface of the casing. The through-hole of the casing includes an enlarged-diameter portion opening to the rear end surface, an intermediate-diameter portion provided in front of the enlarged-diameter portion and a reduced-diameter portion provided in front of the intermediate-diameter portion. The fuel pipe is inserted at least to a position where it reaches the intermediate-diameter portion, a cylindrical block being fitted on a portion of the fuel pipe to be inserted in the casing.

Abstract: In a piezoelectric actuator including a piezoelectric element, a pair of lever arms arranged on opposite sides of the piezoelectric element and a flexible member mounted between free ends of the lever arms, wherein deformation of the piezoelectric element is magnified to greatly displace the flexible member at a central position thereof; the improvement wherein the flexible member comprises a loop member and further comprising a support member for supporting the flexible member located at the central position of the flexible member in such a manner that opposite portions at the central position of the flexible member between the lever arms are outwardly flexed, whereby the flexible member has a substantially diamond shape in plan with a diagonal defined by a center line connecting the lever arms.

Abstract: A stacked piezoelectric ceramics displacement magnifying device comprising a base member; a stacked piezoelectric ceramics fixed at its one end to the base member, the stacked piezoelectric ceramics being expandable upon application of an electric field thereto; a lever member having an inner end portion for receiving an expansion force from the stacked piezoelectric ceramics, at least two outer end portions adapted to be outwardly displaced when the inner end portion receives the expansion force from the stacked piezoelectric ceramics, and a fulcrum portion connected through a hinge to the base member, the hinge being formed of a thin plate unexpandable in its longitudinal direction; a connection member for connecting the other end of the stacked piezoelectric ceramics to the inner end portion of the lever member; and a flexing member formed of an elongated elastic material and connected at its both ends to the outer end portions of the lever member under the condition where a central portion thereof is flex