Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transport section that transports a recording material, a grasping section that grasps a remaining situation of a recording material remaining in a transport path through which the recording material is transported by the transport section, a reception section that receives, from a user, an input of the number of removed sheets of recording material removed from the transport path by the user in a case where the transport of the recording material by the transport section is stopped, and a start section that starts the stopped transport by the transport section based on the number of removed sheets input by the user.

Abstract: A measurement device to measure a physical quantity of a measurement target having a sheet-like shape is provided, including: a first integrating sphere which is separated by a gap from a first surface of the measurement target, has a first opening facing the first surface, and is not provided with a light detector to detect an intensity of light; a second integrating sphere which is separated by a gap from a second surface of the measurement target, where the second surface is positioned opposite to the first surface, and has a second opening facing the first opening with the measurement target sandwiched therebetween; a light source to emit light into the first integrating sphere; a light detecting unit to detect an intensity of light inside the second integrating sphere; and a calculating unit to calculate the physical quantity of the measurement target based on the intensity of the detected light.

Abstract: An integrating sphere (10) of the present disclosure includes a hollow member (1) and a diffusive coating (4), on the inner surface of the hollow member (1), configured to scatter and reflect light from a light source within the hollow member (1) to yield diffused light. The diffusive coating (4) is coated with a hydrophobic coating (5). The accuracy of optical measurements using the integrating sphere (10) is improved by suppressed moisture absorption of the integrating sphere (10) and suppressed fluctuations in the efficiency of the integrating sphere (10).

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes a detection unit to detect a first light intensity of a light obtained by making a first light having a first wavelength transmitted through a measurement object, a second light intensity of a light obtained by making a second light having a second wavelength transmitted through the object, the second wavelength having a lower rate of absorption by a material of the object than the first wavelength, and a third light intensity of a light obtained by making a third light having a third wavelength transmitted through the object, the third wavelength having a lower rate of absorption by the material of the object than the first wavelength and having a lower rate of absorption by the object containing a fluid than the second wavelength, and a calculation unit to calculate the thickness of the object by using the first, second, and third light intensities.

Abstract: A measurement device to measure a physical quantity of a measurement target having a sheet-like shape is provided, including: a first integrating sphere which is separated by a gap from a first surface of the measurement target, has a first opening facing the first surface, and is not provided with a light detector to detect an intensity of light; a second integrating sphere which is separated by a gap from a second surface of the measurement target, where the second surface is positioned opposite to the first surface, and has a second opening facing the first opening with the measurement target sandwiched therebetween; a light source to emit light into the first integrating sphere; a light detecting unit to detect an intensity of light inside the second integrating sphere; and a calculating unit to calculate the physical quantity of the measurement target based on the intensity of the detected light.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes a detection unit to detect a first light intensity of a light obtained by making a first light having a first wavelength transmitted through a measurement object, a second light intensity of a light obtained by making a second light having a second wavelength transmitted through the object, the second wavelength having a lower rate of absorption by a material of the object than the first wavelength, and a third light intensity of a light obtained by making a third light having a third wavelength transmitted through the object, the third wavelength having a lower rate of absorption by the material of the object than the first wavelength and having a lower rate of absorption by the object containing a fluid than the second wavelength, and a calculation unit to calculate the thickness of the object by using the first, second, and third light intensities.

Abstract: A living-body component measuring apparatus measures a component of an inner tissue of a living body serving as an object to be measured by emitting laser light having two or more wavelengths from a light source and measuring reflected light of the laser light from the inner tissue of the living body. The living-body component measuring apparatus includes a beam splitter that changes optical paths of a part of the laser light and the reflected light, a reference-light measuring unit that measures, as reference light, the part of the laser light having the optical path changed by the beam splitter, a reflected-light measuring unit that measures the reflected light having the optical path changed by the beam splitter, and an analysis unit that analyzes the inner tissue by measuring a spectrum of the reflected light or the reference light.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermal conductivity detector capable of realizing high detection performance even with the use of a miniaturized heating element, and expanding an effective applicable temperature range of a heating element, and to provide a gas chromatograph using the same. The thermal conductivity detector comprises a flow-path through which a measurement gas is caused to flow, a heating element disposed inside the flow-path, the heating element being formed on the substrate, for detecting thermal conductivity of the measurement gas according to magnitude of an amount of heat taken away from the heating element by the measurement gas, wherein said heating element is provided with a beam including a part where the beam is folded at a predetermined angle, the part being formed at the central part of the beam.

Abstract: A simple calibration method for calibrating an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using near-infrared spectral spectroscopy is realized. The calibration method comprises (1) the step of measuring a specific substance of a biological object with the use of an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using a confocal optical system, (2) the step of using an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using near-infrared spectral spectroscopy, thereby measuring a specific substance in the same region of the biological object, (3) the step of comparing a measured value of the specific substance, measured in the step (1) with a measured value of the specific substance, measured in the step, and (4) the step of executing an operation in the step at least once after the elapse of predetermined time.

Abstract: A component measurement apparatus includes a confocal optical system including a laser emitting laser light, a collimating lens collimating the laser light emitted from the laser, an objective lens condensing the collimated light having exited the collimating lens in order to illuminate internal tissue of an object of measurement, a half mirror redirecting reflected light reflected by the internal tissue of the object of measurement and refracted by the objective lens, a pin hole through which the reflected light redirected by the half mirror passes, and a light-receiving element receiving the reflected light having passed through the pin hole. The component measurement apparatus also includes a data analyzer section measuring a component of the object of measurement in accordance with data output from the light-receiving element. In the component measurement the apparatus, a focal position of the objective lens is adjustable along an optical axis.

Abstract: A component measurement apparatus includes a laser that emits non-collimated laser light, an objective lens that condenses the non-collimated laser light emitted from the laser in order for the laser light to illuminate internal tissue of an object of measurement without collimating the laser light, a half mirror that redirects reflected light reflected by the internal tissue of the object of measurement and refracted by the objective lens, a pin hole through which the reflected light redirected by the half mirror passes, a light-receiving element that receives the reflected light having passed through a pin hole, and a data analyzer section that measures a component of the object of measurement in accordance with data output from the light-receiving element.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a granule mass containing an antioxidant as a main component, which is excellent in flowability, produces little dust from an additive, and can be prepared by a simple facility when an additive such as an antioxidant is added to a plastic such as polyolefin, and affords a plastic having thermal stability which is hardly ununiformized, and a process for producing the same. There is provided a granule mass comprising a granule containing a phenol-based antioxidant represented by the following formula (1) and a sulfur-based antioxidant represented by the following formula (2), wherein a content of the sulfur-based antioxidant (2) relative to a total of 100 parts by weight of phenol-based antioxidant (1) and the sulfur-based antioxidant (2) is 3 to 70 parts by weight.

Abstract: Biological information measuring apparatus capable of automatically identifying a subject under test, and executing continuous measurement under a common measurement condition having selected a properly identified site at a high S/N ratio for relatively long hours as necessary, and also improving utilization efficiency of the output light of a laser. In the biological information measuring apparatus using a confocal optical system provided with a laser serving as a light source thereof, the biological information measuring apparatus comprises a laser drive means for effecting AC-driving so as to cause pulsed light to be outputted from the laser, and wherein the skin of a finger is discriminated from a nail thereof on the basis of a detection signal of the confocal optical system, and a portion of the skin, in a range of the nail epithelium of the finger to the first joint thereof, is indicated as a measurement region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermal conductivity detector capable of realizing high detection performance even with the use of a miniaturized heating element, and expanding an effective applicable temperature range of a heating element, and to provide a gas chromatograph using the same. The thermal conductivity detector comprises a flow-path through which a measurement gas is caused to flow, a heating element disposed inside the flow-path, the heating element being formed on the substrate, for detecting thermal conductivity of the measurement gas according to magnitude of an amount of heat taken away from the heating element by the measurement gas, wherein said heating element is provided with a beam including a part where the beam is folded at a predetermined angle, the part being formed at the central part of the beam.

Abstract: A simple calibration method for calibrating an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using near-infrared spectral spectroscopy is realized. The calibration method comprises (1) the step of measuring a specific substance of a biological object with the use of an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using a confocal optical system, (2) the step of using an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using near-infrared spectral spectroscopy, thereby measuring a specific substance in the same region of the biological object, (3) the step of comparing a measured value of the specific substance, measured in the step (1) with a measured value of the specific substance, measured in the step, and (4) the step of executing an operation in the step at least once after the elapse of predetermined time.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using the confocal optical system that is simplified and reducing measurement error caused by the difference in physical condition or temperature due to weather of the season is realized. The instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using the confocal optical system comprises the confocal optical system comprised of a laser source, a lens system for collimating light from the laser source, a half mirror for causing the light collimated by the lens system to be transmitted therethrough, a lens system for converging the light that is transmitted through the half mirror, a lens system, a pinhole and a photodetector, and a body for housing these elements and provided with a run button and an exit aperture.

Abstract: A component measurement apparatus includes a confocal optical system including a laser emitting laser light, a collimating lens collimating the laser light emitted from the laser, an objective lens condensing the collimated light having exited the collimating lens in order to illuminate internal tissue of an object of measurement, a half mirror redirecting reflected light reflected by the internal tissue of the object of measurement and refracted by the objective lens, a pin hole through which the reflected light redirected by the half mirror passes, and a light-receiving element receiving the reflected light having passed through the pin hole. The component measurement apparatus also includes a data analyzer section measuring a component of the object of measurement in accordance with data output from the light-receiving element. In the component measurement the apparatus, a focal position of the objective lens is adjustable along an optical axis.

Abstract: A living-body component measuring apparatus measures a component of an inner tissue of a living body serving as an object to be measured by emitting laser light having two or more wavelengths from a light source and measuring reflected light of the laser light from the inner tissue of the living body. The living-body component measuring apparatus includes a beam splitter that changes optical paths of a part of the laser light and the reflected light, a reference-light measuring unit that measures, as reference light, the part of the laser light having the optical path changed by the beam splitter, a reflected-light measuring unit that measures the reflected light having the optical path changed by the beam splitter, and an analysis unit that analyzes the inner tissue by measuring a spectrum of the reflected light or the reference light.

Abstract: A component measurement apparatus includes a laser that emits non-collimated laser light, an objective lens that condenses the non-collimated laser light emitted from the laser in order for the laser light to illuminate internal tissue of an object of measurement without collimating the laser light, a half mirror that redirects reflected light reflected by the internal tissue of the object of measurement and refracted by the objective lens, a pin hole through which the reflected light redirected by the half mirror passes, a light-receiving element that receives the reflected light having passed through a pin hole, and a data analyzer section that measures a component of the object of measurement in accordance with data output from the light-receiving element.

Abstract: There is provided a gas chromatograph column. The gas chromatograph column includes: a flow passage through which gas subjected to gas chromatography is absorbed, wherein an inner wall surface of the flow passage is at least partially provided with a plurality of pores whose sizes are substantially uniform. The gas chromatograph column further includes: a first substrate made of silicon and provided with a groove therein; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate to cover the groove; and a porous layer having the pores therein and formed on an inner wall surface of the groove.