Abstract: A measurement system includes a measurement device including a light source, and a first power meter, and one or a plurality of connection members each configured to optically connect a pair of optical fiber lines of the plurality of optical fiber lines. A first optical fiber line of the pair of optical fiber lines includes a first end and a second end, a second optical fiber line of the pair of optical fiber lines includes a third end and a fourth end, the one or plurality of connection members optically connect the second end to the fourth end, the light source causes testing light to be incident on the first end, and the first power meter measures first intensity of first output light output from the third end by causing the testing light to propagate through the pair of optical fiber lines.

Abstract: A measurement system includes a measurement device including a light source, and a first power meter, and one or a plurality of connection members each configured to optically connect a pair of optical fiber lines of the plurality of optical fiber lines. A first optical fiber line of the pair of optical fiber lines includes a first end and a second end, a second optical fiber line of the pair of optical fiber lines includes a third end and a fourth end, the one or plurality of connection members optically connect the second end to the fourth end, the light source causes testing light to be incident on the first end, and the first power meter measures first intensity of first output light output from the third end by causing the testing light to propagate through the pair of optical fiber lines.

Abstract: A laser processing apparatus 1 includes a processing light source 3 emitting processing light; an observation light emitting unit 4 emitting observation light; optical fibers 19 conducting light having a plurality of wavelengths generated at an electronic component 2; a detecting unit 5 detecting the light conducted by the optical fibers 19; and a control unit 31 controlling a light emitting state of the processing light emitting unit 3. The optical fibers 19 are categorized into four groups, and disposed so as to surround an optical fiber 18 conducting the processing light. The optical fibers 19 categorized into the four groups are capable of conducting the observation light to the electronic component 2 every group.

Abstract: A laser processing apparatus 1 includes a processing light source 3 emitting processing light; an observation light emitting unit 4 emitting observation light; optical fibers 19 conducting light having a plurality of wavelengths generated at an electronic component 2; a detecting unit 5 detecting the light conducted by the optical fibers 19; and a control unit 31 controlling a light emitting state of the processing light emitting unit 3. The optical fibers 19 are categorized into four groups, and disposed so as to surround an optical fiber 18 conducting the processing light. The optical fibers 19 categorized into the four groups are capable of conducting the observation light to the electronic component 2 every group.

Abstract: The invention offers a technique that selectively differentiation-induces mesenchymal stem cells, which can differentiate to cells that constitute various tissues and organs, to osteoblasts. In addition, the invention offers a technique that differentiation-induces mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts with a simple operation that needs only short time and that is noninvasive. The inventors have found that the switch for the differentiation induction to osteoblasts is turned on by translocating biological clock-relevant factors existing in mesenchymal stem cells from the cells' cytoplasm to the cells' nucleus. The inventors have also found that the switch can be turned on by irradiating the cells for a short time with a lightwave having a specific wavelength that is noninvasive.

Abstract: A laser processing apparatus 1 includes: a processing light source 2 for emitting a processing light for processing a tooth 13A or a gingiva 13B; a halogen lamp 3 for emitting an illumination light for illuminating the tooth 13A or the gingiva 13B; a detector 4 capable of detecting a multiple-wavelength light from the tooth 13A or the gingiva 13B; and a controller 5 for controlling the light-emitting state of the first light-emitting part 2. The detector 4 has a first detection element 6 and a second detection element 7 with light-receiving sensitivities that differ in accordance with wavelength, detects light intensities of different wavelengths, and outputs the detection result to the controller 5. The controller 5 controls the light-emitting state of the processing light source 2 on the basis of the ratio of the respective intensities of the different wavelength light detected by the detector 4.

Abstract: The invention offers a technique that selectively differentiation-induces mesenchymal stem cells, which can differentiate to cells that constitute various tissues and organs, to osteoblasts. In addition, the invention offers a technique that differentiation-induces mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts with a simple operation that needs only short time and that is noninvasive. The inventors have found that the switch for the differentiation induction to osteoblasts is turned on by translocating biological clock-relevant factors existing in mesenchymal stem cells from the cells' cytoplasm to the cells' nucleus. The inventors have also found that the switch can be turned on by irradiating the cells for a short time with a lightwave having a specific wavelength that is noninvasive.

Abstract: A fiber bundle is provided which has various advantages: limitation in terms of heat-resistant temperature is less; its manufacturing is easy and low-cost; and it will not degrade the optical fiber properties. The fiber bundle 10, which transmits through element fibers 11 light incident from light sources and emits the light from the respective output surface 11A altogether, has a structure in which at least one end parts of the element fibers 11 are collectively inserted into a metal sleeve 12 and the one end parts are solidified to be united with the sleeve 12, and in which a metal 13, that is a filler, is filled among the element fibers 11, in the sleeve 12, over a region of a given length L in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve 12 from the emitting-end face 12A of the sleeve 12.

Abstract: A dental treatment apparatus is provided with an irradiation unit, a temperature detection unit and a control unit. The irradiation unit is constituted by N number of first light emitting elements S1 to SN, N number of first focusing lenses L1 to LN, and N number of optic fibers F1 to FN, combined on a 1:1 basis, and optic fibers Fn are bundled on the output side of the irradiation unit. The first light emitting element Sn is an element which outputs laser light having a specific wavelength ? within a range of 400 nm to 420 nm. The temperature detection unit is constituted by a non-contact temperature sensor and a wire. The non-contact temperature sensor detects the temperature at a site irradiated with laser light output from an emergent end.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical transmission system and so on having a structure that enables to reduce variations between wavelengths in chromatic dispersion over a wide wavelength range and control non-linear optical effects. An optical fiber transmission line comprises a first optical fiber having a positive chromatic dispersion such that its wavelength dependence is reduced over a wide wavelength range, and a second optical fiber having a negative chromatic dispersion such that its wavelength dependence is reduced over the wavelength range. In this way, the first and second optical fibers each have a chromatic dispersion of a different polarity, thereby controlling accumulated chromatic dispersions at low level for a whole optical fiber transmission line, while the chromatic dispersion occurs to some extent in each of the first and second optical fibers, thereby controlling effectively non-linear optical effects such as four-wave mixing.

Abstract: An optical multi/demultiplexer having a desirable multiplexing-and-demultiplexing performance throughout the entire wavelength band for signal transmission, and an optical multiplexer whose multiplexing performance is less susceptible to the shift of the center wavelength and to the fluctuation of the center wavelength due to temperature change and whose optical circuit can be miniaturized. The optical multi/demultiplexer comprises a substrate and an optical circuit formed on the substrate. The optical circuit comprises a circuit having a wavelength dependency, which may be a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), and a Y-junction. In one aspect of the optical circuit, the Y-junction is connected to one end of each of the two optical waveguides included in an MZI. In another aspect of the optical circuit, the Y-junction is connected to one end of an optical waveguide included in an MZI and to one end of another optical waveguide, whether it is independent or belongs to another MZI.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical component and others in structure capable of implementing improved compensation for a gain slope. The optical component is equipped with first and second Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The first Mach-Zehnder interferometer is provided with a first temperature controller for controlling a temperature of at least one of a part of an optical main path and a first optical side path, while the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer 42 is also provided with a second temperature controller for controlling a temperature of at least one of a part of the optical main path and a second optical side path.

Abstract: A optical filter has a loss spectrum whose gradient dL/d? of a loss L (dB) with respect to the wavelength ? (nm) is variable in the wavelength band of multiplexed signal light. A control circuit detects each power of signal light components demultiplexed by an optical coupler and controls the power of optical pumping light to be supplied to an optical amplification section from an optical pumping light sources such that the power of output signal light has a predetermined target value. The control circuit also controls the gradient dL/d? of the optical filter on the basis of powers of the signal light components.

Abstract: Provided herein are a planar optical circuit and optical transmission system in which signal light power can be adjusted with respect to signal light and light that is different from the wavelength band of the signal light can be maintained satisfactorily. The planar optical circuit 1 is composed of a filter 10 that can cause loss of variable wavelength dependence to signal light of a signal light wavelength band such that signal light input from a signal light input end 111 is caused to have loss at given wavelength dependent loss by filter 10 and is output from signal light output end 112.

Abstract: The invention provides a planar lightwave circuit type variable optical attenuator in which a small PDL is maintained even when an attenuation is large. The variable optical attenuator is constituted by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprising a substrate, two optical waveguide arms buried in a clad formed on the substrate, and thin-film heaters disposed on the surface of the clad and adjusting optical lengths of the optical waveguide arms. The optical waveguide arms are each made of a silica-based glass material, and a difference &Dgr;L0 between arm lengths is set to be in the range of 0.38 &mgr;m to 0.52 &mgr;m.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for and method of monitoring wavelength multiplexed signal light, which can obtain monitored data for multi-channel optical signals contained in the wavelength multiplexed signal light, which can avoid a large size and complicated structure and high cost of monitoring apparatus, and which can easily monitor the wavelength multiplexed signal light. The invention also provides an optical transmission system employing the monitoring apparatus and method. An optical filter being able to control a loss pattern is disposed on a monitoring waveguide for the wavelength multiplexed signal light, which is branched for monitoring from an input waveguide and an output waveguide constituting a main optical transmission path in a wavelength multiplexed signal light monitoring apparatus.

Abstract: An optical filter with improved ability to control a loss spectrum and an optical amplifier using the same are provided. The optical filter includes a first optical element with a first loss spectrum and a second optical element with a second loss spectrum which are connected together in series between an input port and an output port. The optical filter provides a predetermined loss to input light. A loss control unit controls the overall loss spectrum by shifting the first and second loss spectra in the same direction with respect to wavelength or by shifting only one of the loss spectra.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical component and others in structure capable of implementing improved compensation for a gain slope. The optical component is equipped with first and second Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The first Mach-Zehnder interferometer is provided with a first temperature controller for controlling a temperature of at least one of a part of an optical main path and a first optical side path, while the second Mach-Zehnder interferometer 42 is also provided with a second temperature controller for controlling a temperature of at least one of a part of the optical main path and a second optical side path.

Abstract: Wavelength division multiplexing signal light is fed into an arrayed diffraction grating type optical demultiplexer, demultiplexed signal light components are outputted from a plurality of output ports, whether there is a signal light component or not is detected by each photodiode of a photodiode array, and a counter unit calculates the number of signals from the result of detection. Here, the output wavelength interval of &Dgr;&lgr;o of the output ports is set to &Dgr;&lgr;o=&Dgr;&lgr;i/m (where m is an integer of at least two) with respect to the signal wavelength interval &Dgr;&lgr;i of the wavelength division multiplexing signal light, whereas the photodiode array is sectioned into m photodiode array groups in which the output signal wavelength interval is &Dgr;&lgr;i.

Abstract: An optical multi/demultiplexer having a desirable multiplexing-and-demultiplexing performance throughout the entire wavelength band for signal transmission, and an optical multiplexer whose multiplexing performance is less susceptible to the shift of the center wavelength and to the fluctuation of the center wavelength due to temperature change and whose optical circuit can be miniaturized. The optical multi/demultiplexer comprises a substrate and an optical circuit formed on the substrate. The optical circuit comprises a circuit having a wavelength dependency, which may be a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), and a Y-junction. In one aspect of the optical circuit, the Y-junction is connected to one end of each of the two optical waveguides included in an MZI. In another aspect of the optical circuit, the Y-junction is connected to one end of an optical waveguide included in an MZI and to one end of another optical waveguide, whether it is independent or belongs to another MZI.