Abstract: A detection device detecting collapse of PM collected in a filter provided in an exhaust system flow path of an internal combustion engine includes: a differential pressure sensor configured to acquire a differential pressure between an exhaust inlet side and an exhaust outlet side of the filter; a water generation determination unit configured to determine whether water is generated in the exhaust system flow path; and a PM collapse determination unit configured to determine that at least a part of the PM collected in the filter has collapsed when a PM accumulation amount estimated based on the acquired differential pressure has increased by a predetermined amount or more within a predetermined period in a state where the PM accumulation amount estimated based on the acquired differential pressure is equal to or larger than a predetermined first threshold and the water generation determination unit has determined that water is generated.

Abstract: An authentication system includes service providing systems, a global ID platform, and a terminal device owned by a user. The first service providing system includes a first authentication server and a first back-end server. The first back-end server provides a first service. The second service providing system includes a second authentication server and a second back-end server. The second back-end server provides a third service. The user is a member of the first service and has a user ID of the first service. When the user requests global login to the third service, the global ID platform relays the request from the second authentication server to the first authentication server and relays an authentication result, returned by the first authentication server for the request, from the first authentication server to the second authentication server.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium has stored therein a program for finding a point to be improved on a road, the program causing a s computer to execute a process including receiving driving information from a plurality of vehicles, the driving information including information on a position, a time, and a speed, and finding a road section based on the driving information of a first group of vehicles and the driving information of a second group of vehicles in a predetermined area and a predetermined period, the road section being a road section in which the speed of the vehicles in the second group of vehicles is affected by the vehicles in the first group of vehicles.

Abstract: An information generation device includes a storage means that stores association information, the association information indicating explanatory information and an element associated with the explanatory information in association with each other, the explanatory information being displayed as an explanation related to a service provided through a Web page in a certain Web page, a recording means that records history information indicating the explanatory information browsed by a user, a generation means that, on the basis of the association information, generates display information so that an appearance of the element associated with the explanatory information indicated by the recorded history information among the elements included in a Web page displayed on a terminal device used by the user is different from an appearance in an initial state, and a transmission means that transmits the generated display information to the terminal device.

Abstract: An information generation device includes a storage means that stores association information, the association information indicating explanatory information and an element associated with the explanatory information in association with each other, the explanatory information being displayed as an explanation related to a service provided through a Web page in a certain Web page, a recording means that records history information indicating the explanatory information browsed by a user, a generation means that, on the basis of the association information, generates display information so that an appearance of the element associated with the explanatory information indicated by the recorded history information among the elements included in a Web page displayed on a terminal device used by the user is different from an appearance in an initial state, and a transmission means that transmits the generated display information to the terminal device.

Abstract: A store apparatus determines the number of points given to a customer who has purchased a commodity using a customer apparatus via the Internet, in which the number of points are determined based on a roulette game. Since the point value given to the customer who purchases the commodity is determined by the roulette game regardless of the cost of the commodity purchased, the specific time period when purchased or the specific commodity purchased, it is possible to keep the willingness of the customer to purchase commodities and to direct that willingness to all commodities. In addition, since the customer can acquire higher points than the points usually given depending on the result of the roulette game, it is possible to further rouse the willingness of the customer to purchase commodities. Further, the customer is capable of shopping with more fun.

Abstract: A copying machine for forming an image by scanning a laser beam which is emitted from an optical system on a photosensitive member. Photosensors are provided at optically equivalent positions to a beginning portion and an end portion of a scanning line on a photosensitive member. A scanning time of a laser beam in the main scanning direction is measured by these photosensors. The measured time and a standard time for a copy magnification set by an operator are compared, and a correction value is calculated, and at the same time, magnification in the main scanning direction is corrected using the correcting value. Also, focusing (adjusting of the beam diameter) is carried out using the photosensors. Each of the photosensors contains a photoelectric transfer element, and a beam which comes through a slit is incident to the element. Each photosensor is provided with two slits. One is perpendicular to the main scanning direction, and the other is inclined to the main scanning direction.

Abstract: A plurality of holding members individually hold some of a plurality of lenses in a scanning optical system. A base member holds and connects a plurality of the holding members at predetermined positional relations with rigidity higher than that of the holding member, and is attached to a structural member of an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A copying machine for forming an image by scanning a laser beam which is emitted from an optical system on a photosensitive member. Photosensors are provided at optically equivalent positions to a beginning portion and an end portion of a scanning line on a photosensitive member. A scanning time of a laser beam in the main scanning direction is measured by these photosensors. The measured time and a standard time for a copy magnification set by an operator are compared, and a correction value is calculated, and at the same time, magnification in the main scanning direction is corrected using the correcting value. Also, focusing (adjusting of the beam diameter) is carried out using the photosensors. Each of the photosensors contains a photoelectric transfer element, and a beam which comes through a slit is incident to the element. Each photosensor is provided with two slits. One is perpendicular to the main scanning direction, and the other is inclined to the main scanning direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for editing color image capable, by having a desired color in an original designated and an editing mode selected, of image editing for an image in the designated color in such an editing mode as trimming, masking, erasing, and conversion to another color. A desired color in an original image is designated by a designated color input portion and thereby designated color data for separated colors are obtained. Thereafter, the original image is scanned and image data for separated colors are obtained. The thus input image data are electrically edited in the selected edit mode based on the designated color data and the edited image data are output to an image forming unit and thereby an edited color image is obtained.

Abstract: A laser beam composite apparatus which combines more than three beams including a first beam having a first wavelength, a second beam having a second wavelength and polarized in a predetermined direction and a third beam having a second wavelength and polarized in a direction perpendicular to said polarized direction of said second beam. The laser beam composite apparatus combines the first beam and the second beam based on difference of wavelengths thereof and further combines the third beam based on difference of polarized directions thereof.

Abstract: A slit illumination system provided in an image forming apparatus of slit exposure type for slit-illumination of an original placed on a document glass table in the image forming apparatus. The slit illumination system is provided with a light source including an elongated exposure lamp to illuminate the original at a slit-illuminated position on the document glass table, a main reflecting mirror portion composed of first and second reflecting mirrors, and an auxiliary reflecting mirror portion composed of third and fourth reflecting mirrors. The first, second, third and fourth reflecting mirrors are respectively shaped to follow a part of first, second, third and fourth ellipsoids which are different in curvature from each other.

Abstract: An interference filter for use in a copying machine comprises a glass substrate and a plurality of high-refractive index and low-refractive index layers alternately superposed on the substrate for reducing ripples at opposite sides of the reflective range. The first and second layers counted from the substrate have a greater optical layer thickness than .lambda.o/2. The third and fourth layers have a greater optical layer thickness than .lambda.o/4. The second top layer has a greater optical layer thickness than .lambda.o/2. The top layer has a smaller optical layer thickness than .lambda.o/4. The remaining layers have an optical layer thickness equal to .lambda.o/4.

Abstract: A light-transmission viewing screen for displaying an optical image from a beam of light projected thereon along a predetermined path of light provided rearwardly of the screen, the viewing screen having a virtual center axis extending toward a viewer's viewing position, the light-transmission viewing screen comprising a transparent or translucent transmission screen plate through which to transmit the beam of light, and a transmission grating located on at least a portion of one of the surfaces of the transmission screen plate for diffracting the beam of light toward a location substantially aligned with the virtual center axis of the viewing screen when the beam of light is transmitted through the transmission grating.

Abstract: An optical filter used for a color image reader in order to adjust each amount of red, green and blue rays into constant ratio and to cutoff the rays of the near infrared radiation, the optical filter having a heat absorbing optical glass substrate and first and second interference films formed on the opposite sides of the substrates. The first interference film has three to eleven layers wherein a first layer immediately adjacent to the substrate has an optical thickness of .lambda./4 or .lambda./8 and a last layer farthest from the substrate has an optical thickness of .lambda./8, and said second interference film has thirteen to twenty-three layers wherein each of a first layer, second layer and third layer formed closest to the substrate in this order has an optical thickness greater than .lambda./4 and a last layer farthest from the substrate has an optical thickness of .lambda./8.