Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode for an electrochemical element includes forming a structured layer including applying a first liquid composition containing a first polymerizable compound and a first solvent onto a substrate, polymerizing the first liquid composition applied in the applying the first liquid composition to form a first polymerized compound layer of the first liquid composition with a porous structure, and applying a second liquid composition containing a second polymerizable compound and a second solvent onto the first polymerized compound layer to manufacture the electrode that includes the substrate, an electrode composite layer disposed on the substrate, and the structured layer disposed on at least a part of an outer periphery of the electrode composite layer.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid chamber including a nozzle plate having a nozzle hole, a supply unit to supply a liquid to the liquid chamber, a valve disposed in the liquid chamber, and a valve conveyor to move the valve. When the liquid is to be discharged and when the liquid is not to be discharged, the liquid is supplied from the liquid chamber to the nozzle hole. An amount of the liquid to be supplied to the nozzle hole when the liquid is not to be discharged is smaller than an amount of the liquid to be supplied to the nozzle hole when the liquid is to be discharged.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode includes applying a first liquid composition containing a first solvent and polymerizable compounds to a substrate, reacting the first liquid composition, removing the first solvent to form an insulating resin layer, applying a second liquid composition containing an active material and a second solvent to the substrate, and removing the second solvent composition to form an electrode composite layer, wherein the removing the first solvent and the removing the second solvent are conducted at the same time.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharger and circuitry. The liquid discharger includes a nozzle to discharge liquid. The circuitry is configured to generate and output a common drive waveform including a plurality of drive pulses for discharging the liquid; select one or more of the plurality of drive pulses from the common drive waveform and apply the one or more of the plurality of drive pulses to a pressure generating element of the liquid discharger; and adjust, with different adjustment values, application waveform shapes of at least two of the plurality of drive pulses applied to the pressure generating element.

Abstract: A head drive controller to drive a head to discharge a liquid, the head drive controller includes a drive waveform generator configured to generate a drive voltage waveform to drive the head, a switch coupled to the head and the drive waveform generator, the switch configured to select passing or non-passing of the drive voltage waveform generated by the drive waveform generator to the head. The drive voltage waveform includes a first expansion waveform element to expand a pressure chamber in the head, and a second expansion waveform element to expand the pressure chamber, the second expansion waveform element having a slew rate smaller than a slew rate of the first expansion waveform element.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid chamber including a discharge orifice; a supplying unit configured to supply a pressurized liquid to the liquid chamber; a first valve member provided in the liquid chamber and including a valve portion configured to open and close the discharge orifice; a moving unit configured to move the first valve member; and a stirring mechanism configured to stir the pressurized liquid in the liquid chamber.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode is provided that includes applying a first liquid composition including a polymerizable compound and a first solvent onto an electrode base to form a first liquid composition layer, polymerizing the polymerizable compound to form a resin structure layer, applying a second liquid composition including an active material and a second solvent onto the electrode base to form a second liquid composition layer, and removing the first solvent and the second solvent.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a switching element, a first common-electrode wiring, at least a part of the first common-electrode wiring being covered with the switching element, a plurality of second common-electrode wirings branched from the part of the first common-electrode wiring covered with the switching element, a plurality of individual power-output terminals arranged in a row in the switching element, and a plurality of individual-electrode wirings arranged in a row, the plurality of individual-electrode wirings being connected to the plurality of individual power-output terminals, respectively. Each of the plurality of second common-electrode wirings is disposed between the plurality of individual-electrode wirings.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a head and a switching device. The head includes a piezoelectric element and a pressure chamber configured to discharge liquid. The switching device is configured to select application or non-application of a drive voltage waveform to the piezoelectric element. The drive voltage waveform includes a discharge waveform to pressurize and discharge the liquid in the pressure chamber and a damping waveform to suppress residual vibration in the pressure chamber. The damping waveform is disposed after the discharge waveform in time series. The switching device includes a switch and a diode. The switch is configured to be turned on in a falling waveform element of each of the discharge waveform and the damping waveform. The diode is connected in parallel with the switch in a direction opposite to the falling waveform element of each of the discharge waveform and the damping waveform.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharger and circuitry. The liquid discharger includes a nozzle to discharge liquid. The circuitry is configured to generate and output a common drive waveform including a plurality of drive pulses for discharging the liquid; select one or more of the plurality of drive pulses from the common drive waveform and apply the one or more of the plurality of drive pulses to a pressure generating element of the liquid discharger; and adjust, with different adjustment values, application waveform shapes of at least two of the plurality of drive pulses applied to the pressure generating element.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharger and circuitry. The liquid discharger includes a nozzle to discharge liquid. The circuitry is configured to generate and output a common drive waveform including a plurality of drive pulses for discharging the liquid; select one or more of the plurality of drive pulses from the common drive waveform and apply the one or more of the plurality of drive pulses to a pressure generating element of the liquid discharger; and adjust, with different adjustment values, application waveform shapes of at least two of the plurality of drive pulses applied to the pressure generating element.

Abstract: A head drive controller to drive a head to discharge a liquid, the head drive controller includes a drive waveform generator configured to generate a drive voltage waveform to drive the head, a switch coupled to the head and the drive waveform generator, the switch configured to select passing or non-passing of the drive voltage waveform generated by the drive waveform generator to the head. The drive voltage waveform includes a first expansion waveform element to expand a pressure chamber in the head, and a second expansion waveform element to expand the pressure chamber, the second expansion waveform element having a slew rate smaller than a slew rate of the first expansion waveform element.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a head and a switching device. The head includes a piezoelectric element and a pressure chamber configured to discharge liquid. The switching device is configured to select application or non-application of a drive voltage waveform to the piezoelectric element. The drive voltage waveform includes a discharge waveform to pressurize and discharge the liquid in the pressure chamber and a damping waveform to suppress residual vibration in the pressure chamber. The damping waveform is disposed after the discharge waveform in time series. The switching device includes a switch and a diode. The switch is configured to be turned on in a falling waveform element of each of the discharge waveform and the damping waveform. The diode is connected in parallel with the switch in a direction opposite to the falling waveform element of each of the discharge waveform and the damping waveform.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a switching element, a first common-electrode wiring, at least a part of the first common-electrode wiring being covered with the switching element, a plurality of second common-electrode wirings branched from the part of the first common-electrode wiring covered with the switching element, a plurality of individual power-output terminals arranged in a row in the switching element, and a plurality of individual-electrode wirings arranged in a row, the plurality of individual-electrode wirings being connected to the plurality of individual power-output terminals, respectively. Each of the plurality of second common-electrode wirings is disposed between the plurality of individual-electrode wirings.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharger and circuitry. The liquid discharger includes a nozzle to discharge liquid. The circuitry is configured to generate and output a common drive waveform including a plurality of drive pulses for discharging the liquid; select one or more of the plurality of drive pulses from the common drive waveform and apply the one or more of the plurality of drive pulses to a pressure generating element of the liquid discharger; and adjust, with different adjustment values, application waveform shapes of at least two of the plurality of drive pulses applied to the pressure generating element.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a switching element, a first common-electrode wiring, at least a part of the first common-electrode wiring being covered with the switching element, a plurality of second common-electrode wirings branched from the part of the first common-electrode wiring covered with the switching element, a plurality of individual power-output terminals arranged in a row in the switching element, and a plurality of individual-electrode wirings arranged in a row, the plurality of individual-electrode wirings being connected to the plurality of individual power-output terminals, respectively. Each of the plurality of second common-electrode wirings is disposed between the plurality of individual-electrode wirings.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a body to discharge liquid, a first wiring substrate extending from the body, and a second wiring substrate electrically connected to the first wiring substrate. The body includes a nozzle face in which a plurality of nozzles, from which the liquid is discharged, is formed. The second wiring substrate is disposed along a direction perpendicular to the nozzle face of the body, a principal surface of the first wiring substrate is disposed along a short side of the body, and a principal surface of the second wiring substrate is disposed along a longitudinal direction of the body.

Abstract: A flexible member includes a first member, a second member overlapping the first member, and a plurality of second reinforcing portions. The first member includes a non-overlapping region not overlapping the second member. The non-overlapping region includes an edge portion of the first member. The second member includes a plurality of first reinforcing portions between which the non-overlapping region is interposed. Each of the plurality of second reinforcing portions overlaps both a first area of the second member in which one of the plurality of first reinforcing portions is formed and a second area of the second member other than the first area when the flexible member is projected from a direction perpendicular to a surface of the flexible member.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a switching element, a first common-electrode wiring, at least a part of the first common-electrode wiring being covered with the switching element, a plurality of second common-electrode wirings branched from the part of the first common-electrode wiring covered with the switching element, a plurality of individual power-output terminals arranged in a row in the switching element, and a plurality of individual-electrode wirings arranged in a row, the plurality of individual-electrode wirings being connected to the plurality of individual power-output terminals, respectively. Each of the plurality of second common-electrode wirings is disposed between the plurality of individual-electrode wirings.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a body to discharge liquid, a first wiring substrate extending from the body, and a second wiring substrate electrically connected to the first wiring substrate. The body includes a nozzle face in which a plurality of nozzles, from which the liquid is discharged, is formed. The second wiring substrate is disposed along a direction perpendicular to the nozzle face of the body, a principal surface of the first wiring substrate is disposed along a short side of the body, and a principal surface of the second wiring substrate is disposed along a longitudinal direction of the body.