Abstract: The present invention provides a hollow structure having a low acid ion content and low wiring corrosion when stored in high-temperature, high-humidity conditions. The present invention relates to a hollow structure in which an organic film (I) having a film thickness of 5-30 ?m as a hollow structure support material and an organic film (II) having a film thickness of 5-30 ?m as a hollow structure roof material are layered in said order from the upper surface of a substrate having a metal wiring, wherein, when the organic film (I) and the organic film (II) are independently evaluated by the following method for evaluating ion elution amounts, the total of the ion elution amount of the organic film (I) and the ion elution amount of the organic film (II) is no more than 4,000 ppm. (Ion elution amount evaluation method) An organic film is placed in pure water having a mass 10 times that of the organic film and is extracted in hot water for 10-20 hours at 100-121° C.

Abstract: A variable valve timing system includes an exhaust swing arm swung in accordance with rotation of a camshaft, an intake swing arm similarly swung in accordance with the rotation of the camshaft, and a swing shaft swingably supporting the exhaust swing arm and the intake swing arm. In an engine including a plurality of the variable valve timing systems, the adjacent swing shafts are coupled to each other. The engine includes a link mechanism connected to one of the swing shafts, and an actuator for moving the link mechanism. The actuator controls turning angles of all the swing shafts via the link mechanism.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display that can prevent occurrence of a scratch on a front surface of a polarizer and display a satisfactory image in performing a touch operation accompanied by frequent gesture operations of rubbing the front surface of the polarizer. The liquid crystal display includes: a display element including an in-cell or on-cell projected capacitive touch panel sensor and a polarizer disposed on a display surface of the display element; and a protective layer disposed on the polarizer. The protective layer has a pencil hardness higher than or equal to 4H.

Abstract: A conveying device includes annular continuous bodies each extending in a conveying direction of an object to be conveyed and each being rotationally driven, and a plate-like member extending in a conveying lateral direction and mounted on each of the annular continuous bodies. The conveying device conveys the object by placing the object on a conveying surface formed by the plate-like member, in which the plate-like member mounted on one of the annular continuous bodies. The plate-like member mounted on another of the annular continuous bodies, which is adjacent to the one of the annular continuous bodies, are arranged in a staggered manner without overlapping with each other when viewed from a direction orthogonal to the conveying surface. Adjacent two of the annular continuous bodies have an interval therebetween in the conveying lateral direction. The interval is expandable and contractable.

Abstract: A variable valve timing system includes an exhaust swing arm swung in accordance with rotation of a camshaft, an intake swing arm similarly swung in accordance with the rotation of the camshaft, and a swing shaft swingably supporting the exhaust swing arm and the intake swing arm. In an engine including a plurality of the variable valve timing systems, the adjacent swing shafts are coupled to each other. The engine includes a link mechanism connected to one of the swing shafts, and an actuator for moving the link mechanism. The actuator controls turning angles of all the swing shafts via the link mechanism.

Abstract: An airbag device for stably controlling gas discharge and restraining an occupant in a vehicle. A first vent hole, for discharging gas from the airbag, is formed in a portion of the airbag, and one end of a tubular discharge restricting member is connected to the first vent hole. Once the airbag is inflated and deployed to a predetermined extent or more, the first vent hole is closed by the discharge restricting member. Prior to deployment, at least a portion of the airbag is folded in a bellows shape to form a folded portion. The connecting portion between the discharge restricting member and the first vent hole is positioned in a trough portion of the folded portion. The other end of the discharge restricting member is stored so as to face the outer side and not to protrude beyond an outer edge of the folded portion.

Abstract: An airbag device for stably controlling gas discharge and restraining an occupant in a vehicle. A first vent hole, for discharging gas from the airbag, is formed in a portion of the airbag, and one end of a tubular discharge restricting member is connected to the first vent hole. Once the airbag is inflated and deployed to a predetermined extent or more, the first vent hole is closed by the discharge restricting member. Prior to deployment, at least a portion of the airbag is folded in a bellows shape to form a folded portion. The connecting portion between the discharge restricting member and the first vent hole is positioned in a trough portion of the folded portion. The other end of the discharge restricting member is stored so as to face the outer side and not to protrude beyond an outer edge of the folded portion.

Abstract: Unburned carbon is efficiently separated according to the properties of fly ash. An apparatus is provided which comprises: a slurry preparation tank (10) in which water (c) is added to fly ash (a) to produce a slurry (d); a scavenger addition device (20) for adding a scavenger (e) to the slurry (d); a vertical surface-modification device (30) in which the slurry after addition of the scavenger is stirred at a high speed to impart shear force thereto and thereby cause the scavenger (e) to adhere to the surface of unburned carbon (b) contained in the slurry; a regulating tank (60) in which a blowing agent (f) is added to the slurry (d?) which has undergone surface modification with the surface modification device; and a flotation machine (70) with which the unburned carbon (b) is floated together with bubbles (n) and separated from the slurry containing the blowing agent.

Abstract: The object is to remove unburned carbon in a fly ash in a stable and economically advantageous manner. A fly ash, water and a trapping agent are mixed together in a hybrid mixer (2), a shearing force is applied to the mixture to prepare a slurry containing surface-modified unburned carbon within a short time, a foaming agent is added to the slurry, and then the unburned carbon is separated by performing flotation separation in a flotator (11).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing unburned carbon from fly ash at low cost and within a short time. The method comprises the steps of adding a collecting agent to fly ash directly, agitating/mixing the mixture in a mixer (5), adding water to the resulting mixed material in a mixing vessel (7) to yield a slurry, applying a shearing force to the slurry in a submerged stirrer (9), and performing flotation separation of unburned carbon in a flotator (15).

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate including a display area of an approximate rectangle, and at least one film pattern which is formed over the substrate and extends to outside of the display area. A perimeter of the at least one film pattern has a shape of a smooth curved line at vicinity of at least one of corner portions of the display area.

Abstract: Unburned carbon is efficiently separated according to the properties of fly ash. An apparatus is provided which comprises: a slurry preparation tank (10) in which water (c) is added to fly ash (a) to produce a slurry (d); a scavenger addition device (20) for adding a scavenger (e) to the slurry (d); a vertical surface-modification device (30) in which the slurry after addition of the scavenger is stirred at a high speed to impart shear force thereto and thereby cause the scavenger (e) to adhere to the surface of unburned carbon (b) contained in the slurry; a regulating tank (60) in which a blowing agent (f) is added to the slurry (d?) which has undergone surface modification with the surface modification device; and a flotation machine (70) with which the unburned carbon (b) is floated together with bubbles (n) and separated from the slurry containing the blowing agent.

Abstract: The object is to remove unburned carbon in a fly ash in a stable and economically advantageous manner. A fly ash, water and a trapping agent are mixed together in a hybrid mixer (2), a shearing force is applied to the mixture to prepare a slurry containing surface-modified unburned carbon within a short time, a foaming agent is added to the slurry, and then the unburned carbon is separated by performing flotation separation in a flotator (11).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing unburned carbon from fly ash at low cost and within a short time. The method comprises the steps of adding a collecting agent to fly ash directly, agitating/mixing the mixture in a mixer (5), adding water to the resulting mixed material in a mixing vessel (7) to yield a slurry, applying a shearing force to the slurry in a submerged stirrer (9), and performing flotation separation of unburned carbon in a flotator (15).

Abstract: To provide a method of manufacturing a cell for liquid crystal display devices having high quality and a high yield rate. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing cells for liquid crystal display devices, the cells for liquid crystal display devices including multiple-partitioned liquid crystal display panels, the method includes a step for forming pillar-shaped spacers in the vicinity area of the periphery and in the liquid crystal display panel formation area of at least either one of a pair of mother substrates, and a step for sticking the pair of the mother substrates together such that the mother substrates oppose to each other, wherein formation patterns of the pillar-shaped spacers are different between in the liquid crystal display panel area and in the vicinity area of the periphery such that the opposing gap in the vicinity area of the periphery of the pair of the mother substrates are maintained.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a counter substrate, an array substrate placed opposite the counter substrate, a liquid crystal sandwiched between the counter substrate and the array substrate, and a columnar spacer placed on a surface of the counter substrate facing the array substrate so as to maintain a gap between the counter substrate and the array substrate. A step portion with a height of 0.3 ?m or smaller is placed on the part of the array substrate which is opposite the columnar spacer or on the top face of the columnar spacer, and the proportion of a highest level of the step portion to the top face of the columnar spacer is ½ or smaller.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate including a display area of an approximate rectangle, and at least one film pattern which is formed over the substrate and extends to outside of the display area. A perimeter of the at least one film pattern has a shape of a smooth curved line at vicinity of at least one of corner portions of the display area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal layer interposed between a first substrate and a second substrate; a columnar spacer holding the liquid crystal layer; and a plurality of pixels arranged in matrix which constitutes a display unit, wherein: each of the pixels has a first display region and a second display region; the first display region has the liquid crystal layer thinner than the second display region; a protrusion portion is formed in the first display region of the first substrate; and the columnar spacer is formed only in the second display region in which the protrusion portion is not formed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having transistors disposed at the intersections of gate lines and source lines, pixel electrodes connected with the transistors, opposite electrodes opposite to these pixel electrodes, and liquid crystal held between said opposite electrodes and said pixel electrodes is disclosed. The pixel electrodes comprise a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode. The second pixel electrode are disposed in a layer above an insulating layer which is itself disposed in a layer above the first pixel electrode. The second pixel electrode has a region that does not overlap with the first pixel electrode. The second pixel electrode are electrically connected with the first pixel electrode.

Abstract: In a transflective liquid crystal display device including a transmissive portion and a reflective portion in each pixel, the width of portions of a black matrix that are opposed to respective side portions of the transmissive portion is set greater than the width of portions of the black matrix that are opposed to respective side portions of the reflective portion. This measure prevents a phenomenon that leakage light coming from slant portions located on both sides of the transmissive portion or specular reflective light coming from flat portions would otherwise be mixed into reflective light from the reflective portion. As a result, highly legible, high-quality display without any glare can be realized. Contrast ratio evaluation results were such that the contrast ratio was 74 in the reflective mode and 194 in the transmissive mode. That is, high-contrast display was obtained in both of the reflective mode and the transmissive mode.