Abstract: [Problem] To provide: a cutting fluid which enables a material being cut to give cut surfaces having improved smoothness and which is effective in diminishing chipping, facilitates the recovery of abrasive grains, and has no fear about safety for the human body; a cutting method; and a smoothness improver for cut surfaces. [Solution] A cutting fluid comprising a sugar solution containing any sugar alcohol selected from among sorbitol, reduced starch syrup and reduced maltose syrup and having a viscosity of 9.7 mPa·s or more. According to the present invention, the cut surface can have improved smoothness and, hence, the polishing step which has conventionally been conducted after cutting can be shortened, simplified, or omitted to greatly contribute to an improvement in working efficiency. Furthermore, since chipping can be diminished, the present invention can greatly contribute to an improvement in the precision of the shape or dimensions of works or to an improvement in yield.

Abstract: There is provided an austenitic alloy pipe that is durable even if a stress distribution different according to usage environment is applied. The austenitic alloy pipe in accordance with the present invention has a tensile yield strength YSLT of at least 689.1 MPa. The tensile yield strength YSLT, a compressive yield strength YSLC in a pipe axial direction, a tensile yield strength YSCT in a pipe circumferential direction of the alloy pipe, and a compressive yield strength YSCC in the pipe circumferential direction satisfy Formulas (1) to (4). 0.90?YSLC/YSLT?1.11??(1) 0.90?YSCC/YSCT?1.11??(2) 0.90?YSCC/YSLT?1.11??(3) 0.90?YSCT/YSLT?1.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high alloy pipe comprises hot working, a high alloy material pipe having controlled amounts of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, Al, N, O, and optionally Ca, Mg, and rare earth elements, with the balance Fe. The pipe composition satisfies the formula N×O?0.001. The pipe is subjected to cold working to form the high alloy pipe, wherein the final cold working process is performed under the condition that a working ratio Rd in the reduction of area satisfies 15?Rd (%)?370×(C+N), where N, O and C are the contents (by mass percent) of the respective elements, and Rd is the working ratio (%) in the reduction of area. The pipe has an excellent ductility and an excellent corrosion resistance when cold working is performed to obtain a high strength after pipe-making.

Abstract: There is provided an austenitic alloy pipe that is durable even if a stress distribution different according to usage environment is applied. The austenitic alloy pipe in accordance with the present invention has a tensile yield strength YSLT of at least 689.1 MPa. The tensile yield strength YSLT, a compressive yield strength YSLC in a pipe axial direction, a tensile yield strength YSCT in a pipe circumferential direction of the alloy pipe, and a compressive yield strength YSCC in the pipe circumferential direction satisfy Formulas (1) to (4). 0.90?YSLC/YSLT?1.11??(1) 0.90?YSCC/YSCT?1.11??(2) 0.90?YSCC/YSLT?1.11??(3) 0.90?YSCT/YSLT?1.

Abstract: A method for producing a two-phase stainless steel pipe, which comprises: preparing a two-phase stainless steel material consisting of, by mass %, C: 0.03% or less, Si: 1% or less, Mn: 0.1 to 2%, Cr: 20 to 35%, Ni: 3 to 10%, Mo: 0 to 4%, W: 0.5 to 6%, Cu: 0 to 3% and N: more than 0.175 and up to 0.35%, and the balance being Fe and impurities; forming a material pipe by subjecting to a hot working: and performing a cold drawing, where the cold drawing is characterized in being performed under the conditions that the working ratio Rd, in terms of the reduction of area, in the final cold drawing step is within a range from 5 to 35%, and the following formula (1) is satisfied: Rd(%)?(MYS?55)/17.2?{1.2×Cr+3.0×(Mo+0.5×W)}??(1).

Abstract: A method for producing a high alloy pipe having a minimum yield strength of 758.3 to 965.2 MPa, comprising: preparing a high alloy pipe having controlled amounts of C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, and N, the balance being Fe and impurities by a hot working or further by a solid-solution heat treatment; and then subsequently subjecting the high alloy pipe to a cold rolling. The cold rolling is performed such that the working ratio Rd, in terms of the reduction of area, in the final cold rolling step falls within a range of larger than 30% and equal to or less than 80%, and the following formula is satisfied: Rd(%)>(MYS?520)/3.1?(Cr+6×Mo+300×N) wherein Rd and MYS signify the working ratio (%) in terms of the reduction of area and the targeted yield strength (MPa), respectively, and Cr, Mo and N signify the mass % of the individual elements.

Abstract: A method for producing a duplex stainless steel pipe having a minimum yield strength of 758.3 to 965.2 MPa, comprises first hot working and optionally solution heat treating a duplex stainless steel material pipe having a chemical composition consisting, by mass %, of C: 0.03% or less, Si: 1% or less, Mn: 0.1 to 4%, Cr: 20 to 35%, Ni: 3 to 10%, Mo: 0 to 6%, W: 0 to 6%, Cu: 0 to 3% and N: 0.15 to 0.60%, the balance being Fe and impurities. The pipe is then cold rolled under conditions that the working ratio Rd, in terms of the reduction of area, in the final cold rolling step falls within a range from 10 to 80%, and formula (1) is satisfied: Rd=exp[{In(MYS)?In(14.5×Cr+48.3×Mo+20.7×W+6.9×N)}/0.195]??(1) wherein Rd is a reduction in area %, MYS is the targeted yield strength (MPa), and Cr, Mo, W and N are in mass %.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] A method for producing a duplex stainless steel pipe that has not only a corrosion resistance required for the oil well pipes used in deep oil wells or in severe corrosive environments but also a targeted strength is provided. [Solution] A method for producing a duplex stainless steel pipe having a minimum yield strength of 758.3 to 965.2 MPa, comprising: preparing a duplex stainless steel material pipe for cold working, having a chemical composition consisting, by mass %, of C: 0.03% or less, Si: 1% or less, Mn: 0.1 to 4%, Cr: 20 to 35%, Ni: 3 to 10%, Mo: 0 to 6%, W: 0 to 6%, Cu: 0 to 3% and N: 0.15 to 0.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] A high alloy pipe can be produced that has not only a corrosion resistance required for oil well pipes but also has a targeted strength, without excessively adding alloying components, by selecting the working conditions at the time of the cold rolling. [Solution] A method for producing a high alloy pipe having a minimum yield strength of 758.3 to 965.2 MPa, comprising: preparing a high alloy material pipe having a chemical composition consisting, by mass %, of C: 0.03% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 0.3 to 5.0%, Ni: 25 to 40%, Cr: 20 to 30%, Mo: 0 to 4%, Cu: 0 to 3% and N: 0.05 to 0.

Abstract: A two-phase stainless steel pipe that has not only a corrosion resistance required for oil well pipes but at the same time has a targeted strength is produced, without excessively adding alloying components, by selecting cold drawing conditions. A method for producing a two-phase stainless steel pipe, which comprises, preparing a two-phase stainless steel material having a chemical composition that consists of, by mass %, C: 0.03% or less, Si: 1% or less, Mn: 0.1 to 2%, Cr: 20 to 35%, Ni: 3 to 10%, Mo: 0 to 4%, W: 0 to 6%, Cu: 0 to 3% and N: 0.15 to 0.35%, and the balance being Fe and impurities, forming a material pipe by subjecting to a hot working or further a solid-solution heat treatment, and performing a cold drawing, where the cold drawing is characterized in being performed under the conditions that the working ratio Rd, in terms of the reduction of area, in the final cold drawing step is within a range from 5 to 35%, and the following formula (1) is satisfied: Rd(%)?(MYS?55)/17.2?{1.2×Cr+3.0×(Mo+0.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high alloy pipe comprises hot working, a high alloy material pipe having controlled amounts of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, Al, N, O, and optionally Ca, Mg, and rare earth elements, with the balance Fe. The pipe composition satisfies the formula N×O?0.001. The pipe is subjected to cold working to form the high alloy pipe, wherein the final cold working process is performed under the condition that a working ratio Rd in the reduction of area satisfies 15?Rd(%)?370×(C+N), where N, O and C are the contents (by mass percent) of the respective elements, and Rd is the working ratio (%) in the reduction of area. The pipe has an excellent ductility and an excellent corrosion resistance when cold working is performed to obtain a high strength after pipe-making.

Abstract: A polishing machine in which adverse influence caused by a surface condition of a retainer ring can be reduced with a simple structure. The polishing machine includes a rotatable polishing plate; a top ring including a holding plate for holding and pressing a wafer onto a polishing cloth of the polishing plate; an independently rotating retainer ring in which the holding plate is freely inserted; and a positioning member for correctly positioning the retainer ring on the polishing cloth while the retainer ring is rotated. The retainer ring includes a pressing member which presses the polishing cloth along an outer edge of the wafer to make the level of the polishing cloth pressed by the pressing member substantially equal to that of the polishing cloth pressed by the wafer.

Abstract: In the polishing machine, bad influence caused by a surface condition of a retainer ring can be reduced with a simple structure. The polishing machine comprises: a rotatable polishing plate; a top ring including a holding plate for holding and pressing a wafer onto polishing cloth of the polishing plate; a retainer ring in which the holding plate is freely inserted, the retainer ring independently rotating, the retainer ring including a pressing member, which presses the polishing cloth along an outer edge of the wafer so as to make level of the polishing cloth pressed by the pressing member substantially equal to that of the polishing cloth pressed by the wafer; and a positioning member for correctly positioning the retainer ring on the polishing cloth while the retainer ring is rotated.