Abstract: A powder stirring device includes a reaction container and a rotation driving device. The reaction container has a cylindrical outer peripheral wall and a pair of end surface walls. The end surface walls are respectively provided at one end and the other end of the outer peripheral wall. The reaction container is arranged in a heat-insulating cover such that an axis of the outer peripheral wall is in parallel with a horizontal direction. The outer peripheral wall has an inner peripheral surface rotationally symmetric with respect to the axis. During the powder process, the powder is stored in the reaction container, and the reaction container is rotated around a rotation axis that passes through the central axis of the outer peripheral wall by the rotation driving device. In this state, a processing gas is supplied into the reaction container. Also, the processing gas in the reaction container is discharged.

Abstract: A problem to be solved is to enhance the charge and discharge characteristics and rate characteristics of a B-type titanium oxide (TiO2(B)) powder by a simple treatment and to provide a B-type titanium oxide powder that can be suitably used as a negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery. A B-type titanium oxide powder is allowed to undergo a reaction under a fluorine-containing gas atmosphere at 0° C. to 200° C. for 1 minute to 10 days to obtain a surface-fluorinated B-type titanium oxide powder. It is preferred that the fluorination treatment is performed at 0.01 atm to 2 atm. It is preferred that a gas containing a fluorine compound selected from a fluorine (F2) gas, a nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) gas, a perfluorotrimethylamine (N(CF3)3) gas, a chlorine trifluoride (ClF3) gas and the like is used as the fluorine-containing gas.

Abstract: It is a task of the present invention to provide an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt, the electrolytic apparatus being advantageous in that the electrolysis can be performed without the occurrence of the anode effect even at a high current density and without the occurrence of an anodic dissolution. In the present invention, this task has been accomplished by an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt at an applied current density of from 1 to 1,000 A/dm2, the electrolytic apparatus using a conductive diamond-coated electrode as an anode.

Abstract: It is a task of the present invention to provide an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt, the electrolytic apparatus being advantageous in that the electrolysis can be performed without the occurrence of the anode effect even at a high current density and without the occurrence of an anodic dissolution. In the present invention, this task has been accomplished by an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt at an applied current density of from 1 to 1,000 A/dm2, the electrolytic apparatus using a conductive diamond-coated electrode as an anode.

Abstract: A reactive oxygen species measuring device according to the present invention comprises a reactive oxygen species sensor provided with an electrode assembly capable of detecting the presence of reactive oxygen species or the like in terms of an electric current, a power source means for applying a measuring voltage to the reactive oxygen species sensor, and a reactive oxygen species concentration measuring means for measuring a concentration of the reactive oxygen species or the like from the current detected by the reactive oxygen species sensor. According to the present invention, a concentration of reactive oxygen species or the like such as in vivo or in vitro superoxide anion radical (O2?.) can be measured reliably, and the entire device can be formed in a smaller size and always mounted to a living body.

Abstract: It is a task of the present invention to provide an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt, the electrolytic apparatus being advantageous in that the electrolysis can be performed without the occurrence of the anode effect even at a high current density and without the occurrence of an anodic dissolution. In the present invention, this task has been accomplished by an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt at an applied current density of from 1 to 1,000 A/dm2, the electrolytic apparatus using a conductive diamond-coated electrode as an anode.

Abstract: It is a task of the present invention to provide an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt, the electrolytic apparatus being advantageous in that the electrolysis can be performed without the occurrence of the anode effect even at a high current density and without the occurrence of an anodic dissolution. In the present invention, this task has been accomplished by an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt at an applied current density of from 1 to 1,000 A/dm2, the electrolytic apparatus using a conductive diamond-coated electrode as an anode.

Abstract: It is a task of the present invention to provide an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt, the electrolytic apparatus being advantageous in that the electrolysis can be performed without the occurrence of the anode effect even at a high current density and without the occurrence of an anodic dissolution. In the present invention, this task has been accomplished by an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt at an applied current density of from 1 to 1,000 A/dm2, the electrolytic apparatus using a conductive diamond-coated electrode as an anode.

Abstract: A high power lithium-ion secondary battery having an increased capacity and capable of maintaining high discharge voltage and repeating charging/discharging high current. A lithium-ion secondary battery having an electrode group formed by laminating or winding a negative electrode layer and a positive electrode layer so as to interpose a separator made of synthetic resin, the negative electrode layer containing a material capable of intercalating/deintercalating lithium-ion, and the positive electrode layer including a lithium-containing metallic oxide; and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium salt, where the electrode group is immersed. The positive electrode material unit contains a fluorinated lithium-containing metallic oxide as a main material, and the separator possesses a hydrophilic group. Further, the positive electrode material preferably contains a main material including LiNixCoyMnzO2, where 0.6?x<1, 0<y?0.2, 0<z?0.2, and x+y+z=1.

Abstract: A fluorine gas generator for generating highly pure fluorine gas in a stable and safe manner by electrolyzing an electrolytic bath 2 comprising hydrogen fluoride in the form of a molten mixed gas is provided which comprises an electrolytic cell 1 divided, by a partition wall 16, into an anode chamber 3 in which an anode is disposed and a cathode chamber 4 in which a cathode is disposed, pressure maintenance means for maintaining the anode chamber 3 and cathode chamber 4 at atmospheric pressure, and liquid level sensing means 5, 6 capable of sensing the levels of the electrolytic bath 2 in the anode chamber 3 and in the cathode chamber 4, respectively, at three or more level stages.

Abstract: Disclosed is an additive which is produced by treating a raw material for the additive with carbon dioxide under pressure and reducing the pressure, wherein the raw material comprises one or more components.

Abstract: A surface treatment apparatus 100 includes a diluent gas supplier 1, a fluorine gas supplier 2, a mixer 5 which mixes a diluent gas with a fluorine gas, and a reactor 6 which treats a treatment target by using a mixed gas generated by the mixer 5. A diluent gas supplied from a diluent gas supplier is heated by a heater 8, and the heated diluent gas is mixed with a fluorine gas supplied from a fluorine gas supplier, in the mixer 5. The mixed gas is supplied to the reactor 6. The gas in the reactor 6 is supplied from the reactor 6 to flow paths 219, 220, 221, and 222 by an exhauster 207. The valves 223, 224, 225, and 226 are serially opened, so that the gas in the reactor 6 is supplied to a harm removal apparatus 208 while the gas flow rate is being adjusted by the flow paths 219, 220, 221, and 222.

Abstract: A separator of the present invention for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is obtained by fluorinating a polyolefin based resin. A contact angle of the separator with a nonaqueous solvent electrolyte is 40° or less a shutdown temperature of the separator is 170° C. or less. Further, a multilayered separator of the present invention for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a plurality of layers, at least one of which is the foregoing separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. These separators for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery have both a favorable electrolyte-retaining characteristic and a suitable shutdown performance.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a cathode active material capable of reducing degradation in an operation voltage and capacity as compared conventionally when used for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a method for manufacturing the same. The cathode active material contains a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal (s), wherein a reduction loss of TLC in the composite oxide is 20 to 60%. Also, the composite oxide has a particle diameter of 0.5 to 100 ?m, and is preferably fluorinated. The method for manufacturing the cathode active material includes the step of fluorinating the cathode active material. The composite oxide has a particle diameter of 0.5 to 100 ?m. The fluorinating step is to fluorinate the composite oxide in a reaction vessel under conditions where fluorine gas partial pressure is 1 to 200 kPa, a reaction time is 10 minutes to 10 days, and a reaction temperature is ?10 to 200° C.

Abstract: A carbon electrode for producing gaseous nitrogen trifluoride comprising a dense texture with an average pore size of 0.5 ?m or less is provided. The carbon electrode contains a carbonaceous material, and 3 to 10 wt % of at least one selected from magnesium fluoride and aluminum fluoride which have a melting point not lower than the baking temperature of the carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A high power lithium-ion secondary battery having an increased capacity and capable of maintaining high discharge voltage and repeating charging/discharging high current. A lithium-ion secondary battery having; an electrode group formed by laminating or winding a negative electrode layer and a positive electrode layer so as to interpose a separator made of synthetic resin, the negative electrode layer containing a material capable of intercalating/deintercalating lithium-ion, and a positive electrode layer including a lithium-containing metallic oxide; and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium salt, where the electrode group is immersed. The positive electrode material unit contains a fluorinated lithium-containing metallic oxide as a main material, and the separator possesses a hydrophilic group. Further, the positive electrode material preferably contains a main material including LiNixCoyMnzO2, where 0.4?x?1, 0?y?0.2, 0?z 0.2, x+y+z=1.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolytic anode for use in electrolytically synthesizing a fluorine-containing substance by using an electrolytic bath containing a fluoride ion including: an electroconductive substrate having a sure including an electroconductive carbonaceous material; and an electroconductive carbonaceous film having a diamond structure, the electroconductive carbonaceous film coating a part of the electroconductive carbonaceous substrate, and a method for electrolytically synthesizing a fluorine-containing substance using the electrolytic anode.

Abstract: A conductive diamond electrode including a conductive substrate comprising a carbonaceous material, a conductive diamond catalyst layer formed on a surface of the conductive substrate, and a carbon fluoride formed on an exposed portion present on the surface of the conductive substrate. The formed carbon fluoride prevents the conductive substrate from contacting with an electrolytic solution, thereby suppressing corrosion of the substrate. A long life of the electrode can be attained.

Abstract: It is a task of the present invention to provide an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt, the electrolytic apparatus being advantageous in that the electrolysis can be performed without the occurrence of the anode effect even at a high current density and without the occurrence of an anodic dissolution. In the present invention, this task has been accomplished by an electrolytic apparatus for producing fluorine or nitrogen trifluoride by electrolyzing a hydrogen fluoride-containing molten salt at an applied current density of from 1 to 1,000 A/dm2, the electrolytic apparatus using a conductive diamond-coated electrode as an anode.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to produce a carbon electrode having a texture with decreased pores and having relatively high mechanical strength by only being subjected to a process where a specified metal fluoride is mixed with a carbon material, then the mixture is baked, and to provide a carbon electrode for producing gaseous nitrogen trifluoride having a long life without the polarization of the carbon electrode even in any case of an NH4F—KF—HF series and an NH4F—HF series. The carbon electrode for producing gaseous nitrogen trifluoride of the present invention has a dense texture with an average pore size of 0.5 ?m or less. It is preferable that the carbon electrode contains a carbonaceous material, and at least one of more kinds selected from magnesium fluoride and aluminum fluoride which have a melting point not lower than the baking temperature of the carbonaceous material.