Abstract: A process for producing a colorant comprises the step of mixing a coloring material and a block copolymer in a flow channel of a microreactor to obtain a dispersion comprising a colorant as a dispersoid. The flow-mixing channel may have a cross-sectional area of not less than 0.5 mm2, and the ratio of the total cross-sectional areas of flow channels connected with the flow-mixing channel to the cross-sectional area of the flow-mixing channel ranges from 0.01 to 0.1, and a rectangular cross-section having a ratio of a flow channel depth to a flow channel width of not less than 0.5.

Abstract: A process for producing a colorant comprises the step of mixing a coloring material and a block copolymer in a flow channel of a microreactor to obtain a dispersion comprising a colorant as a dispersoid. The flow-mixing channel may have a cross-sectional area of not less than 0.5 mm2, and the ratio of the total cross-sectional areas of flow channels connected with the flow-mixing channel to the cross-sectional area of the flow-mixing channel ranges from 0.01 to 0.1, and a rectangular cross-section having a ratio of a flow channel depth to a flow channel width of not less than 0.5.

Abstract: A process for producing a colorant comprises the step of mixing a coloring material and a block copolymer in a flow channel of a microreactor to obtain a dispersion comprising a colorant as a dispersoid. The flow-mixing channel may have a cross-sectional area of not less than 0.5 mm2, and the ratio of the total cross-sectional areas of flow channels connected with the flow-mixing channel to the cross-sectional area of the flow-mixing channel ranges from 0.01 to 0.1, and a rectangular cross-section having a ratio of a flow channel depth to a flow channel width of not less than 0.5.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device of this invention has a semiconductor layer for generating a photovoltaic power and a collector electrode formed on the semiconductor layer to collect the power generated by the semiconductor layer. A conductive layer containing a conductive powder is formed on at least one side of the collector electrode closer to the semiconductor layer, and a metal layer is formed on the side away from the semiconductor layer. The metal layer covers the surface of the conductive layer away from the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device of this invention has a semiconductor layer for generating a photovoltaic power and a collector electrode formed on the semiconductor layer to collect the power generated by the semiconductor layer. A conductive layer containing a conductive powder is formed on at least one side of the collector electrode closer to the semiconductor layer, and a metal layer is formed on the side away from the semiconductor layer. The metal layer covers the surface of the conductive layer away from the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A sealing material exhibiting excellent sealing performance while keeping a satisfactory balance between a variety of characteristics is provided so that the sealing structure is simplified and the quantity of the sealing material is reduced. As a result, a solar cell, the cost of which can significantly be reduced and which can be operated stably for a long time while exhibiting excellent performance can be provided. A suitable resin composition for sealing contains at least a hardening resin and a thermoplastic resin which has a number average molecular weight larger than the number average molecular weight of the hardening resin and which is soluble in the hardening resin.

Abstract: A coating method is disclosed, wherein a substrate is coated with a paint discharged through an aperture in the form of not a spray but a continuous string. The coating method is suitably applied to a process for producing a photosensitive member for electrophotography, wherein a paint for providing the photosensitive member, such as the one for providing a photosensitive layer or intermediate layer, is discharged onto a rotating cylindrical substrate to be wound thereabout preferably like a thread on a spool, followed by leveling to form a coating film.

Abstract: An image reading device has an entrance window provided in a substrate for receiving the light illuminating an information bearing member bearing information to be read. A photosensor is provided on the substrate for receiving the light that has entered through the entrance window and has been reflected by the information bearing member. Further, a protective layer is formed on the photosensor opposite to the substrate, in order to maintain a constant distance between the information bearing member and the photosensor, and has a multi-layer structure of separate functions, comprising a first layer of a first function at the side of the photosensor, and a second layer of another function different from the first function.

Abstract: The present invention is an image holding member for holding particulate dry process developer by electrical adsorption force, having from the side holding the dry process developer, a dielectric layer, a diffusion reflection layer having reflective fine particles dispersed in a resin and an electroconductive layer. The electrical resistance of the diffusion reflection layer is made smaller than that of the dielectric layer, and/or the ten-point average roughness of the dielectric layer is made 0.1 .mu.m to 5.0 .mu.m.

Abstract: An image reading device has an entrance window provided in a substrate and receiving the light illuminating an information bearing member bearing information to be read. A photosensor is provided on the substrate for receiving the light that has entered through the entrance window and has been reflected by the information bearing member. Further, a protective layer is formed on the photosensor opposite to the substrate, in order to maintain a constant distance between the information bearing member and the photosensor, and has a multi-layer structure of separate functions, comprising a first layer of a first function at the side of photosensor, and a second layer of another function different from the first function.

Abstract: A light receiving member comprising an intermediate layer between a substrate of a metal of an alloy having a reflective surface and a photosensitive member, the reflective surface of said substrate forming a light-diffusing reflective surface, and the surface of said intermediate layer forming a rough surface. A light receiving member comprising a subbing layer having a light-diffusing reflective surface with an average surface roughness of half or more of the wavelength of the light source for image exposure provided between an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A light receiving member provided with a coating layer having a light receiving layer on a substrate, where the thickness of the coating layer is regularly changed within the minute width of the coating layer.

Abstract: An image holding member for electrostatic images or toner images has a three-layered insulating layer at the surface. The insulating layer is composed of an upper layer mainly composed of an organic solvent soluble thermoplastic resin, an intermediate layer mainly composed of an organic solvent soluble thermoplastic resin and a cured thermosetting resin, and a lower layer mainly composed of a cured thermosetting resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer of a laminate structure comprising a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive substrate, characterized in that the charge generation layer contains an aluminum chloride phthalocyanine pigment and the charge transport layer contains a hydrazone compound represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent alkyls or are residues forming a cyclic amino group together with the nitrogen atom which links them, and R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or halogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for covering a substrate with a cylindrically shaped heat-shrinkable film, particularly to a method for covering a cylindrically shaped heat-shrinkable film so as to fit the contour of a substrate by conducting the heat treatment in multiple steps at different temperatures.

Abstract: An image holding member for holding electrostatic latent images and/or toner images is characterized in that the surface of the image holding member has a surface layer formed by a coating, said surface layer essentially consisting of at least one of substances A and B wherein the substance A is a linear polyester resin soluble in organic solvents and the substance B is a copolymerization product of a linear isocyanate of the formula: ##STR1## and a polyol of the formula: HO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OH wherein n is a positive integer.

Abstract: A rear projection screen comprises a light scattering member composed of a melted mixture containing at least two high polymers having different refractive indexes.