Abstract: A cooking appliance includes a cabinet defining a cooking chamber; a first direct-heat source; a second direct-heat source; a convection heat source; and a controller operably coupled to the first heat source, the second heat source, and the convection heat source, the controller configured to perform a coffee roasting operation. The coffee roasting operation includes receiving an input command for the coffee roasting operation; obtaining a predetermined roasting profile among a plurality of roasting profiles in response to receiving the input command; determining a power level of at least one of the first direct-heat source, the second direct-heat source, or the convection heat source according to the obtained roasting profile; and initiating the coffee roasting operation after determining the power level of at least one of the first direct-heat source, the second direct-heat source, or the convection heat source.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses systems and methods of calculating a near-maximum likelihood detection (MLD) performance capability signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) according to instructions stored in non-transitory computer readable memory that when executed by a processor of a multiple-input, multiple output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) wireless communications receiver device cause the processor to perform operations including the processor acquiring Hi and noise variance ?n2 for each subcarrier of a set of subcarriers between a MIMO-OFDM wireless communications transmitter device and the wireless communications receiver device, computing an average received bit mutual information rate (RBIR) over all subcarriers, converting the average RBIR to an effective SINR; and selecting a modulation coding scheme (MCS).

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method comprises: setting a second parameter in a second frame based on a first puncturing pattern indicated by a first parameter in a first frame for a basic service set (BSS) set up by an access point (AP); and transmitting, to a receiver, the second frame, wherein the first puncturing pattern is one of a plurality of puncturing patterns pre-determined for a third parameter in a third frame.

Abstract: A coupling assembly includes a female quick connector and a male member, wherein the male member has a latching element, a sealing section and a tip, wherein the sealing section is disposed between the latching element and the tip. The quick connector includes a retainer having at least one retaining element. The male member is in a latching position if the latching element is latched onto the at least one retaining element. The quick connector includes a verifier which is axially movable along a verification path, wherein the verification path comprises at least one locking position and at least one releasing position. The verifier in the locking position limits a movement of a section of the retainer in radial direction, so that the retainer is not actuatable in the locking position but actuatable in the releasing position of the verifier.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises: identifying that a first parameter used for indicating a first puncturing pattern is set to be not present in a first frame based on predetermined condition; determining whether to operate in duplicate (DUP) mode; and in case that the transmitter determines to operate in the DUP mode, transmitting a second frame in the DUP mode, wherein data in a payload portion of the second frame is duplicated in frequency in the DUP mode.

Abstract: An electronic device receives a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) including a PHY preamble including a non-high-throughput (Non-HT) short training field (L-STF), a Non-HT long training field (L-LTF), a Non-HT signal (L-SIG) field, a repeated Non-HT signal (RL-SIG) field, and a universal signal (U-SIG) field. The electronic device checks a control field in the PPDU. The control field indicates whether the PHY preamble in the PPDU carries payload information and the PPDU carries no data field carrying payload information. The electronic device obtains the payload information from the PHY preamble and processes the payload information if the control field indicates that the PHY preamble in the PPDU includes the payload information and the PPDU carries no data field.

Abstract: An electronic device performs a restricted target wake time (TWT) setup with an access point to specify a restricted TWT service period for delivery of latency sensitive traffic and specify first latency sensitive traffic status information in a downlink direction and second latency sensitive traffic status information in an uplink direction. The device receives a frame from the access point during the restricted TWT service period, wherein the frame includes information for updating the first latency sensitive traffic status information in the downlink and updates the first latency sensitive traffic status information in the downlink.

Abstract: A method for training an image classification model according to an embodiment includes training a feature extractor and a rotation angle classifier to predict a rotation angle of each of unlabeled first training images, training the image classification model to predict a label and rotation angle of each of labeled second training images, but predict a uniform label even though an actual rotation angle of each of the second training images is changed, generating a pseudo label based on a training image that satisfy a preset condition among unlabeled candidate images, and training the image classification model to predict a rotation angle of each of the third training images, and predict a label of each of the third training images based on the pseudo label, but predict a uniform label even though an actual rotation angle of each of the third training images is changed.

Abstract: A method for solving a problem and a system thereof are provided. The method according to some embodiments includes setting at least one current search node on a search tree corresponding to a solution space of a target problem; selecting candidate search nodes from among child nodes of the at least one current search node, a number of the candidate search nodes being equal to a number of items inferred by a machine-trained model; determining at least one next search node from among the candidate search nodes based on results of search simulation for the candidate search nodes; and determining a solution to the target problem based on a result of a search using the at least one next search node.

Abstract: A cooking appliance and a roasting assembly configured to be removably mounted within such cooking appliance are provided. The roasting assembly includes a pan defining an internal volume. The pan is configured to be rotatably mounted on a floor of a cooking chamber of the cooking appliance. The roasting assembly also includes a stirrer rod positioned within the internal volume of the pan. The stirrer rod is configured to be coupled to a rotating hub of the cooking appliance whereby the stirrer rod rotates with the rotating hub. The pan rotates at a first speed and the stirrer rod rotates at a second speed different from the first speed.

Abstract: A wireless communication network includes an access point (AP) device and a non-AP device. The AP device transmits a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) to the non-AP device. The PPDU includes a data field including a plurality of pilot tones in a plurality symbols. A group of pilot tones is shifted from symbol to symbol within a group of subcarriers during the data field. The non-AP device receives the PPDU and performs channel estimation using the plurality of pilot tones in the data field.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises: identifying that a first parameter used for indicating a first puncturing pattern is set to be not present in a first frame based on predetermined condition; determining whether to operate in duplicate (DUP) mode; and in case that the transmitter determines to operate in the DUP mode, transmitting a second frame in the DUP mode, wherein data in a payload portion of the second frame is duplicated in frequency in the DUP mode.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for accurately determining a model, which is to be the basis of transfer learning, among a plurality of source models, are provided. According to an embodiment, an apparatus for determining a base model to be used for transfer learning to a target domain is provided. The apparatus comprises a memory which comprises one or more instructions and a processor which executes the instructions to construct a neural network model for measuring suitability of a plurality of pre-trained source models, measure the suitability of each of the source models by inputting data of the target domain to the neural network model, and determine the base model to be used for the transfer learning among the source models based on the suitability.

Abstract: An electronic device receives a first data unit including a first hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) unit and transmits a second data unit including first HARQ-related information indicating that the first HARQ unit fails to be decoded. The electronic device receives a third data unit including a preamble. The preamble includes a first STF, a first LTF, a signal field, a second STF, and a second LTF, and the third data unit includes second HARQ-related information indicating whether the third data unit includes retransmitted data. The electronic device obtains a second HARQ unit based on determination that the second HARQ-related information indicates that the third data unit includes retransmitted data and decodes the second HARQ unit with the first HARQ unit.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a modified image generator generating modified images by modifying each unlabeled image, a pre-trainer to generate a feature vector for each modified image by using an artificial neural network-based encoder and train the encoder based on the feature vector for each modified image, a pseudo-label generator to generate a feature vector for each unlabeled training image, cluster the training images based on the feature vector for each training image, and generate a pseudo-label for at least one training image among the training images based on the clustering result, and a further trainer to generate a predicted label by using the trained encoder and a classification model including a classifier to generate a predicted label for an image input to the trained encoder based on a feature vector, and train the classification model based on the pseudo-label and predicted label for the at least one training image.

Abstract: A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery may include a first positive active material including a lithium cobalt-based oxide doped with aluminum and coated with zirconium; and a second positive active material including a lithium cobalt-based oxide doped with aluminum and coated with zirconium, wherein a particle diameter of the second positive active is smaller than a particle diameter of the first positive active material, in the first positive active material, a doping amount of aluminum based on a total weight of the lithium cobalt-based oxide is about 0.50 wt % to about 0.80 wt %, in the second positive active material, a doping amount of aluminum based on the total weight of the lithium cobalt-based oxide is about 0.20 wt % to about 0.40 wt %, and a coating amount of zirconium based on a total weight of the positive active material is about 0.10 wt % to about 0.15 wt %.

Abstract: A method performed by an apparatus in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method comprises: transmitting a first physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) for a first variant including a first control field and a second PPDU for a second variant including a second control field in A(aggregated)-PPDU, wherein the second PPDU for the second variant is transmitted in duplicate (DUP) mode; and receiving a first response to the first PPDU and a second response to the second PPDU in A-PPDU based on the first control field and the second control field, respectively, wherein the first variant is based on a first protocol standard and the second variant is based on a second protocol standard, and wherein the second protocol standard is beyond version of the first protocol standard.

Abstract: A method performed by an apparatus in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method includes: transmitting a first NDP Announcement frame for a first variant and a second NDP Announcement frame for a second variant in A-PPDU transmission, wherein the first NDP Announcement frame for the first variant and the second NDP Announcement frame for the second variant have a same time duration and are transmitted in different frequency bands; and transmitting at least one Sounding NDP for the first variant for both at least one first STA for the first variant and at least one second STA for the second variant, wherein the first variant is based on a first protocol standard and the second variant is based on a second protocol standard, and wherein the second protocol standard is beyond version of the first protocol standard.

Abstract: An apparatus for encoding matrix data according to an embodiment includes an initial encoding layer that outputs a plurality of encoded row vectors and a plurality of encoded column vectors for one or more pieces of matrix data representing information on a relationship between items having a plurality of characteristics based on the matrix data, a plurality of initial row vectors corresponding to the number of rows of the matrix data, and a plurality of initial column vectors corresponding to the number of columns of the matrix data, and one or more encoding layers that are disposed after the initial encoding layer and perform additional encoding on the plurality of encoded row vectors and the plurality of encoded column vectors.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless local area network (WLAN) includes: determining to operate in A(aggregated)-PPDU transmission, wherein the A-PPDU transmission includes transmission of multiple sub-PPDUs with different variants; and transmitting, to a receiver, a trigger frame including a first field and a second field, wherein the first field indicates whether a first special user information field including first additional common information for a first variant is present; and wherein the second field indicates whether a second special user information field including second additional common information for a second variant is present, and wherein the first special user information field is located before the second special user information field in the trigger frame.