Abstract: Disclosed are a solar apparatus and a method of fabricating a solar apparatus. The solar apparatus according to the embodiment includes: a substrate; a back electrode layer on the substrate; a plurality of sub-electrodes making direct contact with the back electrode layer and extending in a first direction; a light absorbing layer on the back electrode layer; and a front electrode layer on the light absorbing layer.

Abstract: A solar cell according to the embodiment includes a plurality of back electrode patterns spaced apart from each other on a substrate; a light absorption layer including contact patterns to connect electrodes to each other and division patterns to divide cells into unit cells on the substrate formed with the back electrode patterns; top electrode patterns spaced apart from each other by the division patterns on the light absorption layer; and insulating patterns among the back electrode patterns or on the back electrode patterns. The top electrode patterns are filled in the contact patterns and electrically connected to the back electrode patterns.

Abstract: A solar cell according to the embodiment includes a plurality of back electrode patterns spaced apart from each other on a substrate; a light absorption layer including contact patterns to connect electrodes to each other and division patterns to divide cells into unit cells on the substrate formed with the back electrode patterns; top electrode patterns spaced apart from each other by the division patterns on the light absorption layer; and insulating patterns among the back electrode patterns or on the back electrode patterns. The top electrode patterns are filled in the contact patterns and electrically connected to the back electrode patterns.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell apparatus. The solar cell apparatus include: a substrate; a back electrode layer on the substrate; a light absorbing layer on the back electrode layer; a window layer on the light absorbing layer; and a bus bar provided beside the light absorbing layer, the bus bar being connected to the back electrode layer.

Abstract: A solar cell according to one embodiment comprises: a support substrate; a rear electrode layer disposed on the support substrate; a light absorption layer disposed on the rear electrode layer; a buffer layer disposed on the light absorption layer; and a front electrode layer disposed on the buffer layer, wherein the rear electrode layer has a first through hole passing therethrough, and the first through hole has an area of approximately 50% or less of the total area of the rear electrode layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell apparatus and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell apparatus includes a substrate; a first cell on the substrate; a second cell adjacent to the first cell; a first insulating film covering the first and second cells; and a connection member connecting the first cell with the second cell. The first insulating film includes a first via hole for exposing the first cell and a second via hole for exposing the second cell, and the connection member connects the first cell with the second cell through the first and second via holes.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell module and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell module includes a support substrate and a plurality of solar cells on the support substrate. Each of the solar cells includes a back electrode layer on the support substrate; a light absorbing layer on the back electrode layer; a buffer layer on the light absorbing layer; a conductive layer on the buffer layer; and a front electrode layer on the conductive layer.

Abstract: A solar cell according to the embodiment includes a plurality of back electrode patterns spaced apart from each other on a substrate; a light absorption layer including contact patterns to connect electrodes to each other and division patterns to divide cells into unit cells on the substrate formed with the back electrode patterns; top electrode patterns spaced apart from each other by the division patterns on the light absorption layer; and insulating patterns among the back electrode patterns or on the back electrode patterns. The top electrode patterns are filled in the contact patterns and electrically connected to the back electrode patterns.

Abstract: A solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment includes a lower substrate; solar cells on the lower substrate; and an upper substrate on the solar cells, wherein at least one of the lower substrate and the upper substrate includes a protrusion extending to a remaining substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell module and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell module includes a support substrate and a plurality of solar cells on the support substrate. Each of the solar cells includes a back electrode layer on the support substrate; a light absorbing layer on the back electrode layer; a buffer layer on the light absorbing layer; a conductive layer on the buffer layer; and a front electrode layer on the conductive layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar apparatus and a method of fabricating a solar apparatus. The solar apparatus according to the embodiment includes: a substrate; a back electrode layer on the substrate; a plurality of sub-electrodes making direct contact with the back electrode layer and extending in a first direction; a light absorbing layer on the back electrode layer; and a front electrode layer on the light absorbing layer.

Abstract: A solar cell apparatus and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The solar cell apparatus includes a substrate, a back electrode layer, a light absorption layer, and a front electrode layer. The back electrode layer is on the substrate. The light absorption layer is on the back electrode layer. The front electrode layer is on the light absorption layer. The back electrode layer is provided with recesses. Inner surfaces of the back electrode layer defining the recesses are inclined from a top surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell apparatus and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell apparatus includes a substrate; a first cell on the substrate; a second cell adjacent to the first cell; a first insulating film covering the first and second cells; and a connection member connecting the first cell with the second cell. The first insulating film includes a first via hole for exposing the first cell and a second via hole for exposing the second cell, and the connection member connects the first cell with the second cell through the first and second via holes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell apparatus. The solar cell apparatus include: a substrate; a back electrode layer on the substrate; a light absorbing layer on the back electrode layer; a window layer on the light absorbing layer; and a bus bar provided beside the light absorbing layer, the bus bar being connected to the back electrode layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell apparatus. The solar cell apparatus includes a support substrate, a solar cell on a top surface of the support substrate, and a circuit board connected to the solar cell and provided on both the top surface of the support substrate and a lateral side of the support substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell apparatus and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The solar cell apparatus includes a substrate, a back electrode layer, a light absorption layer, and a front electrode layer. The back electrode layer is on the substrate. The light absorption layer is on the back electrode layer. The front electrode layer is on the light absorption layer. The back electrode layer is provided with recesses. Inner surfaces of the back electrode layer defining the recesses are inclined from a top surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell includes a substrate, a rear electrode layer provided on the substrate, a light absorbing layer provided on the rear electrode layer, and a front electrode layer provided on the light absorbing layer, wherein the front electrode layer includes, a first conductive layer provided on the light absorbing layer, and a second conductive layer provided on the first conductive layer.

Abstract: A solar cell according to the embodiment includes a plurality of back electrode patterns spaced apart from each other on a substrate; a light absorption layer including contact patterns to connect electrodes to each other and division patterns to divide cells into unit cells on the substrate formed with the back electrode patterns; top electrode patterns spaced apart from each other by the division patterns on the light absorption layer; and insulating patterns among the back electrode patterns or on the back electrode patterns. The top electrode patterns are filled in the contact patterns and electrically connected to the back electrode patterns.

Abstract: A spin valve type magnetoresistive element includes a substrate, an under layer deposited on the substrate, and a sensor portion arranged on the under layer. The under layer is formed of an amorphous CoNbZr alloy. The sensor portion includes a first ferromagnetic layer in which a magnetizing direction is changed by application of a magnetic field, a second ferromagnetic layer in which a magnetizing direction is fixed, a spacer layer which is non-magnetic and arranged between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer, and an antiferromagnetic layer which is arranged to be adjacent to the second ferromagnetic layer to fix the magnetizing direction of the second ferromagnetic layer.