Abstract: In the present specification, provided are an apparatus and a method for obtaining gradient information, performed by a terminal, in a wireless communication system, wherein the terminal transmits a random access (RA) preamble to a base station, receives a random access response (RAR) from the base station in response to the RA preamble, performs a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the base station, establishes a digital transmission link on the basis of the RRC connection procedure with the base station, and establishes an airComp link that is a link for federated learning with the base station, wherein the terminal acquires the gradient information corresponding to data, and the terminal obtains first information and second information from the gradient information on the basis of data splitting modulation, wherein the first information is information having a lower priority among the information obtained on the basis of the gradient information, the second information is information ha

Abstract: The present specification provides a method fir transmitting learning class information, the method being performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system and comprising the steps of transmitting a random access (RA) preamble to a base station; receiving a random access response (RAR) from the base station in response to the RA preamble; performing a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure with the base station; determining the learning class information, wherein the learning class information is information about the degree of performance improvement in online learning, and the online learning is artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm-based learning following the activation of the wireless communication system; transmitting the learning class information to the base station; and performing channel state information (CSI) feedback according to the learning class information.

Abstract: An ultraviolet (UV) irradiation apparatus includes: a base module configured to support a wafer including a plurality of semiconductor chips, wherein the plurality of semiconductor chips are connected with each other via a die attach film (DAF); a vacuum module configured to provide the wafer with a vacuum and to remove air from the DAF; a UV irradiation module configured to irradiate UV to the wafer in the vacuum module; and an expanding module configured to expand the wafer in the vacuum module.

Abstract: An ultraviolet (UV) irradiation apparatus includes: a base module configured to support a wafer including a plurality of semiconductor chips, wherein the plurality of semiconductor chips are connected with each other via a die attach film (DAF); a vacuum module configured to provide the wafer with a vacuum and to remove air from the DAF; a UV irradiation module configured to irradiate UV to the wafer in the vacuum module; and an expanding module configured to expand the wafer in the vacuum module.

Abstract: A parallax barrier type stereoscopic image display device comprises: an image panel that display a left-eye image and a right-eye image; a barrier panel that has a switchable barrier comprising a liquid crystal layer, a reference electrode positioned above the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of driving electrode channels positioned below the liquid crystal layer, each of which is controlled independently, and selectively blocks light from the image panel; and a driver that supplies a reference voltage to the reference electrode and applies a channel driving voltage to the driving electrode channels to form a barrier area and an open area in the switchable barrier.

Abstract: A parallax barrier type stereoscopic image display device comprises: an image panel that display a left-eye image and a right-eye image; a barrier panel that has a switchable barrier comprising a liquid crystal layer, a reference electrode positioned above the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of driving electrode channels positioned below the liquid crystal layer, each of which is controlled independently, and selectively blocks light from the image panel; and a driver that supplies a reference voltage to the reference electrode and applies a channel driving voltage to the driving electrode channels to form a barrier area and an open area in the switchable barrier.