Abstract: A bridge embedded interposer and a package substrate and a semiconductor package including the same includes: a connection structure including one or more redistribution layers, a first bridge disposed on the connection structure and including one or more first circuit layers electrically connected to the one or more redistribution layers, a frame disposed around the first bridge on the connection structure and including one or more wiring layers electrically connected to the one or more redistribution layers, and an encapsulant disposed on the connection structure and covering at least a portion of each of the first bridge and the frame.

Abstract: A bridge circuit includes: a first leg including a first switching device and a second switching device connected between a first node and a ground; a second leg including a third switching device and a fourth switching device connected between the first node and the ground; and a first charge recycler connected between a gate of the first switching device and a gate of the third switching device, and configured to transfer charges accumulated in the first switching device to the gate of the third switching device prior to turning on the third switching device.

Abstract: An actuator of a camera module includes a driving coil disposed to face a detection target; a driving circuit including a plurality of transistors connected to the driving coil; and a processor configured to provide a respective gate control signal to a gate of each of the plurality of transistors, and detect a displacement of the detection target based on a component of an oscillation signal generated in a driving signal applied to the driving coil in response to an operation of any one of the plurality of transistors being switched by the respective gate control signal.

Abstract: An actuator for a camera module includes two or more detectable elements, the detectable elements are respectively disposed on a first and second surface of a lens barrel, an oscillating element including a first oscillation circuit unit that includes two or more oscillation circuits facing the first surface of the lens barrel, and a second oscillation circuit unit that includes two or more oscillation circuits facing the second surface of the lens barrel, and a determining device that calculates a position of the lens barrel in response to oscillation signals output from the oscillating element. The determining device is configured to calculate the position of the lens barrel based on determined frequencies of oscillation signals of the first oscillation circuit unit and the second oscillation circuit unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing a rotating body includes a plurality of units to be detected provided on the rotating body; at least two sensing coils disposed to face the units to be detected; an oscillating unit including at least two capacitors respectively connected to the at least two sensing coils to form at least two oscillation circuits; and a rotation information calculator configured to count frequencies of at least two oscillation signals respectively output from the at least two oscillation circuits to generate a first count value and a second count value, and calculate a rotation direction of the rotating body based on a change in the first count value and a change in the second count value.

Abstract: A bridge circuit includes: a first leg including a first switching device and a second switching device connected between a first node and a ground; a second leg including a third switching device and a fourth switching device connected between the first node and the ground; and a first charge recycler connected between a gate of the first switching device and a gate of the third switching device, and configured to transfer charges accumulated in the first switching device to the gate of the third switching device prior to turning on the third switching device.

Abstract: A power amplifier apparatus includes: an amplifier configured to amplify an input signal; a sensing circuit connected to the amplifier and configured to sense a bias of the amplifier; and a biasing circuit connected to the sensing circuit and configured to provide a biasing current to the amplifier, wherein the sensing circuit is configured to change the biasing current based on the bias of the amplifier.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element driving apparatus may apply a predetermined driving signal to a piezoelectric element to drive the piezoelectric element. The driving signal may be an asymmetrical waveform in which amplitudes of first and second polarities thereof are different from each other. An exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure may provide a piezoelectric element driving apparatus and method having a high output while protecting dielectric characteristics of a piezoelectric element by driving the piezoelectric element using an asymmetrical driving signal.

Abstract: A power amplifier may include a first amplifying unit receiving a first bias signal to amplify a power level of an input signal; an envelope detecting unit detecting an envelope of the input signal; a comparing circuit unit comparing a peak value of the detected envelope with a preset reference voltage; and a second amplifying unit amplifying the power level of the input signal according to a second bias signal set depending on a comparison result of the comparing circuit unit.

Abstract: A power amplifier apparatus includes: an amplifier configured to amplify an input signal; a sensing circuit connected to the amplifier and configured to sense a bias of the amplifier; and a biasing circuit connected to the sensing circuit and configured to provide a biasing current to the amplifier, wherein the sensing circuit is configured to change the biasing current based on the bias of the amplifier.

Abstract: A piezoelectric driving apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a waveform synthesizer outputting a digital value; a digital-to-analog converter outputting an analog value corresponding to the digital value; and an output unit applying an offset voltage to the analog value to generate and output an asymmetrical driving signal.

Abstract: A switching circuit may include: the switching circuit includes a switching circuit unit including a first transistor and a second transistor connected to each other in series, the second transistor receiving a first control signal through a control terminal thereof, and an inverter connected between a control terminal of the first transistor and a first terminal of the first transistor. The inverter receives a second control signal and maintains a gate-source voltage level of the first transistor to a threshold voltage level of the first transistor or less, and levels of the first and second control signals are logically complementary to each other.

Abstract: A switching circuit may include: the switching circuit includes a switching circuit unit including a first transistor and a second transistor connected to each other in series, the second transistor receiving a first control signal through a control terminal thereof, and an inverter connected between a control terminal of the first transistor and a first terminal of the first transistor. The inverter receives a second control signal and maintains a gate-source voltage level of the first transistor to a threshold voltage level of the first transistor or less, and levels of the first and second control signals are logically complementary to each other.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element driving apparatus may apply a predetermined driving signal to a piezoelectric element to drive the piezoelectric element. The driving signal may be an asymmetrical waveform in which amplitudes of first and second polarities thereof are different from each other. An exemplary embodiment in the present disclosure may provide a piezoelectric element driving apparatus and method having a high output while protecting dielectric characteristics of a piezoelectric element by driving the piezoelectric element using an asymmetrical driving signal.

Abstract: A power amplifier may include a first amplifying unit receiving a first bias signal to amplify a power level of an input signal; an envelope detecting unit detecting an envelope of the input signal; a comparing circuit unit comparing a peak value of the detected envelope with a preset reference voltage; and a second amplifying unit amplifying the power level of the input signal according to a second bias signal set depending on a comparison result of the comparing circuit unit.