Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a smoking article including a smoking material portion which is wrapped with a smoking material wrapper, a filter portion which has an upstream end combined with the smoking material portion and is wrapped with a filter wrapper, and a tipping paper which wraps around the filter portion and at least a portion of the smoking material portion so that the smoking material portion and the filter portion are combined, wherein a design printing layer, an overprint (OP) coating layer, and a sweetener coating layer are disposed on a surface of the tipping paper.

Abstract: An iron loss reduction control apparatus for motor permanent magnet overtemperature protection is provided. The apparatus includes: a permanent magnet temperature prediction unit configured to predict a temperature of a permanent magnet in a motor based on a driving state of the motor; a first iron loss reduction unit configured to adjust a switching frequency of a switching element in an inverter providing a driving power to the motor based on the temperature of the permanent magnet; and a second iron loss reduction unit configured to adjust a current command of the motor based on the temperature of the permanent magnet.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for controlling a motor of a vehicle for increasing control accuracy of the motor for driving the vehicle, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for controlling a motor of a vehicle, which may accurately perform a motor control even when a battery voltage (i.e., motor voltage) applied to the motor upon the driving control of the motor is changed.

Abstract: A motor driving apparatus may include a first inverter circuit including a plurality of first switching devices and connected to a first end portion of each of a plurality of windings in a motor corresponding to a plurality of phases of the motor, respectively, a second inverter circuit including a plurality of second switching devices and connected to a second end portion of each of the plurality of windings, and a plurality of selection switching devices having first end portions connected to a node to which the plurality of windings and the plurality of second switching devices are connected and second end portions connected to each other.

Abstract: An automotive motor driving apparatus includes: a first motor including a plurality of wires; and a second motor including a plurality of wires including first ends connected to each other. The motor driving apparatus includes: a first inverter connected to first ends of the wires of the motor and including a plurality of first switching devices; a second inverter connected to second ends of the wires of the first motor and including a plurality of second switching devices; a third inverter connected to second ends of the wires of the second motor; and a controller configured to drive the second motor by performing pulse width control on the third switching devices when a problem occurs in the second inverter while driving the first motor in an open end winding mode in which pulse width modulation control is performed on both of the first switching devices and the second switching devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling charging of an electric vehicle is configured to calculate a rotor torque expected to occur during charging based on an angle of a rotor provided in a driving motor before charging is performed by multiple input voltages, and allow charging to be performed after inducing the rotor torque to be less than a reference torque by moving the electric vehicle a specified distance to correct the rotor angle when the calculated rotor torque is greater than the reference torque so as to avoid deterioration or damage to a parking sprag.

Abstract: A charging control method for an electric vehicle is configured to boost a charging voltage by using a motor and an inverter, and includes steps of determining whether a current imbalance control is normally operated based on currents input from the motor to three-phase inputs of the inverter during charging, determining whether a current sensor is deteriorated based on a result of an internal temperature sensing of the inverter when the current imbalance control is in a normal operation, and adjusting a scale of the current sensor to maintain the charging, when a deterioration of the current sensor is detected, as a result of the determination.

Abstract: A motor driving apparatus may include a first inverter circuit including a plurality of first switching devices and connected to a first end portion of each of a plurality of windings in a motor corresponding to a plurality of phases of the motor, respectively, a second inverter circuit including a plurality of second switching devices and connected to a second end portion of each of the plurality of windings, and a plurality of selection switching devices having first end portions connected to a node to which the plurality of windings and the plurality of second switching devices are connected and second end portions connected to each other.

Abstract: A multi-input charging system and method use a motor driving device. The system includes: a motor having a plurality of windings; a first inverter including first switching elements and having one end connected to a power input terminal and an opposite end connected to a first terminal of each of the plurality of windings; a second inverter including second switching elements and having one end connected to a battery and an opposite end connected to a second terminal of each of the plurality of windings, the battery connected to the power input terminal or the one end of the second inverter; and a controller configured to charge the battery directly via the power input terminal or with a voltage of the charging power that is stepped down.

Abstract: An iron loss reduction control apparatus for motor permanent magnet overtemperature protection is provided. The apparatus includes: a permanent magnet temperature prediction unit configured to predict a temperature of a permanent magnet in a motor based on a driving state of the motor; a first iron loss reduction unit configured to adjust a switching frequency of a switching element in an inverter providing a driving power to the motor based on the temperature of the permanent magnet; and a second iron loss reduction unit configured to adjust a current command of the motor based on the temperature of the permanent magnet.

Abstract: A fireproof board and a method of manufacturing the fireproof board are provided. The fireproof board may include a first aggregate using a shell containing lime, a second aggregate containing silicon, and a binder to bind the first aggregate and the second aggregate. The fireproof board may further include an admixture to mix the first aggregate and the second aggregate. The admixture may be a water-reducing agent, and polycarboxylate may be used as an admixture.

Abstract: An image display device includes a cathode ray tube. The cathode ray tube includes a panel with an inner phosphor screen, and a funnel connected to the panel with a cone portion mounting a deflection unit on the outer circumference thereof. A neck is connected to the funnel while mounting an electron gun therein. The interface between the cone portion and the neck is called a neck seal line, and the portion of the electron gun sealed to the neck called a gun sealing portion. When the distance between the panel and the neck seal line is indicated by A and the distance between the neck seal line and the gun sealing portion by B, the values of A and B satisfy the following conditions: 0.31<B/A<0.38 and 79 mm<B<95 mm.

Abstract: An image display device includes a cathode ray tube. The cathode ray tube includes a panel with an inner phosphor screen, and a funnel connected to the panel with a cone portion mounting a deflection unit on the outer circumference thereof. A neck is connected to the funnel while mounting an electron gun therein. The interface between the cone portion and the neck is called a neck seal line, and the portion of the electron gun sealed to the neck called a gun sealing portion. When the distance between the panel and the neck seal line is indicated by A and the distance between the neck seal line and the gun sealing portion by B, the values of A and B satisfy the following conditions: 0.31<B/A<0.38 and 79 mm<B<95 mm.